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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Wildlife Management >Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in Northern British Columbia
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Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in Northern British Columbia

机译：不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的灰熊季节性栖息地的使用和选择

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We defined patterns of habitat use and selection by female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Besa-Prophet watershed of northern British Columbia. We fitted 13 adult females with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) radio-collars and monitored them between 2001 and 2004. We examined patterns of habitat selection by grizzly bears relative to topographical attributes and 3 potential surrogates of food availability: land-cover class, vegetation biomass or quality (as measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and selection value for prey species themselves (moose [Alces alces], elk [Cervus elaphus], woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus], Stone's sheep [Ovis dalli stonei]). Although vegetation biomass and quality, and selection values for prey were important in seasonal selection by some individual bears, land-cover class, elevation, aspect, and vegetation diversity most influenced patterns of habitat selection across grizzly bears, which rely on availability of plant foods and encounters with ungulate prey. Grizzly bears as a group avoided conifer stands and areas of low vegetation diversity, and selected for burned land-cover classes and high vegetation diversity across seasons. They also selected mid elevations from what was available within seasonal ranges. Quantifying relative use of different attributes helped place selection patterns within the context of the landscape. Grizzly bears used higher elevations (1,595 +/- 31m SE) in spring and lower elevations (1,436 +/- 27 m) in fall; the range of average elevations used among individuals was highest (500 m) during the summer. During all seasons, grizzly bears most frequented aspects with high solar gain. Use was distributed across 10 land-cover classes and depended on season. Management and conservation actions must maintain a diverse habitat matrix distributed across a large elevational gradient to ensure persistence of grizzly bears as levels of human access increase in the northern Rocky Mountains. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
机译：我们在不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的Besa-Prophet流域定义了雌性灰熊（Ursus arctos）的栖息地使用和选择方式。我们在2001年至2004年之间为13位成年雌性安装了地理定位系统（GPS）无线电项圈，并对其进行了监控。我们研究了灰熊相对于地形属性的栖息地选择模式以及3种潜在的食物可供选择：土地覆盖类，植被生物量或质量（由归一化植被指数衡量）和猎物物种本身的选择值（驼鹿[Alces alces]，麋鹿[Cervus elaphus]，林地驯鹿[Rangifer tarandus]，石羊[Ovis dalli stonei]）。尽管在某些单头熊的季节性选择中，植被的生物量和质量以及猎物的选择价值很重要，但土地覆盖类别，海拔，纵横比和植被多样性对大多数灰熊栖息地的选择方式影响最大，后者依赖于植物性食物的供应并遇到有蹄类猎物。灰熊作为一个群体避开针叶林林分和植被多样性低的地区，并选择在各个季节进行烧地覆盖类和高植被多样性的地区。他们还从季节性范围内的可用海拔高度中选择了中部海拔高度。量化不同属性的相对使用有助于将选择模式置于景观环境中。灰熊在春季使用较高的海拔高度（1,595 +/- 31 m SE），在秋季使用较低的海拔（1,436 +/- 27 m）;夏季，每个人使用的平均海拔范围最高（500 m）。在所有季节中，灰熊都有最常出现的方面，且日照增加。用途分布在10个土地覆盖类中，并取决于季节。管理和保护行动必须维持分布在较大海拔梯度上的多样化生境矩阵，以确保随着落基山脉北部人类活动水平的提高，灰熊的持续存在。 （C）2011年野生动物学会。

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