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首页> 外文期刊>Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews >Cytokine detection by ELISPOT: relevance for immunological studies in type 1 diabetes.
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Cytokine detection by ELISPOT: relevance for immunological studies in type 1 diabetes.

机译:ELISPOT检测细胞因子:与1型糖尿病免疫学研究的相关性。

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摘要

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic disease in which the insulin-secreting ss-cells are selectively destroyed by an immune-mediated process. Autoantibodies directed against several islet antigens are useful parameters to estimate the risk to develop diabetes, but cell-mediated immunity involving T lymphocytes plays a major part in causing the specific destruction of ss-cells. T cells are characterized by their antigen-specificity, phenotype and cytokine-secreting profile. T cells that secrete cytokines of the T helper 1 (Th1) type have been shown to transfer diabetes in animal studies, in contrast to T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine-secreting T cells that are thought to be rather nondestructive. In the absence of phenotypic markers for Th1 and Th2 cells, several different approaches have been taken to examine T cell responses in detail. Methods involve T-cell proliferation assays, Enzyme-Linked-Immuno-Sorbent-Assay (ELISA) analysis of secreted cytokines and phenotype analysis applying flow cytometry. A more recent development is ELISPOT analysis, which enables the investigator to determine the qualitative and quantitative antigen-specific immune response on a single-cell level with regard to cytokine secretion. This article aims to give an introduction to the advantages and limitations inherent in the different techniques and their potential relevance for immunological studies in diabetes mellitus type 1.
机译:1型糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,其中分泌胰岛素的ss细胞被免疫介导的过程选择性破坏。针对几种胰岛抗原的自身抗体是评估患糖尿病风险的有用参数,但是涉及T淋巴细胞的细胞介导的免疫在引起ss细胞特异性破坏中起主要作用。 T细胞的特征是其抗原特异性,表型和细胞因子分泌特征。在动物研究中,分泌T辅助1(Th1)型细胞因子的T细胞已被证明可转移糖尿病,而T辅助2(Th2)分泌细胞因子的T细胞则被认为具有非破坏性。在没有Th1和Th2细胞表型标记的情况下,已经采取了几种不同的方法来详细检查T细胞反应。方法包括T细胞增殖测定,分泌细胞因子的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)分析和应用流式细胞仪进行表型分析。 ELISPOT分析是最新的发展,它使研究人员能够确定单细胞水平上有关细胞因子分泌的定性和定量抗原特异性免疫反应。本文旨在介绍不同技术固有的优势和局限性及其与1型糖尿病免疫学研究的潜在相关性。

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