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首页> 外文期刊>Cattle practice >Risk factors for reproductive disorders (metritis, endometritis, cystic ovaries, anovulation, low conception rate, embryonic mortality) in dairy cows
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Risk factors for reproductive disorders (metritis, endometritis, cystic ovaries, anovulation, low conception rate, embryonic mortality) in dairy cows

机译：奶牛生殖疾病的危险因素（子宫炎，子宫内膜炎，卵巢囊肿，无排卵，低受孕率，胚胎死亡率）

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摘要

Reproductive disorders are defined here as clinically relevant reproductive events and disorders which the veterinary practitioner can detect and attempt to influence by altering the associated risk factors. The examples selected include metritis, endometritis, cystic ovarian disorder (COD), postpartum anovulation (PPA), low conception rate (LCR) and late embryonic mortality (LEM). Risk factors have traditionally been described at the herd- and cow-levels. Of more relevance to veterinary practitioners is the categorisation of these exposures as modifiable or non-modifiable. A modifiable risk factor describes a determinant that can be modified by the veterinary practitioner when the reproductive problem presents to prevent further cases in the current or often future breeding seasons. It was concluded from this review that clusters of common modifiable risk factors influence reproductive disorders in dairy cows. These are associated with nutrition (transition period negative energy balance - metritis, endometritis, COD, PPA, LCR, LEM; ketosis - metritis, endometritis, COD, PPA; milk fever - metritis, endometritis), reproduction (delayed ovulation endometritis; Al practices - LCR, LEM; breeding season management - LCR, LEM), disease (uterine pathology - PPA, LCR, LEM; infectious diseases - LCR, LEM; lameness - COD, PPA, LCR; mastitis - COD, PPA, LCR, LEM) and general herd management factors (the cow's environment - endometritis, COD, LCR; genetic selection - metritis, COD, LCR, LEM; dry period duration - PPA, LCR; milking frequency - PPA, LCR)
机译：生殖失调在这里定义为临床相关的生殖事件和失调，兽医可以通过更改相关的风险因素来检测并尝试影响。选择的实例包括子宫炎，子宫内膜炎，卵巢囊性疾病（COD），产后无排卵（PPA），低受孕率（LCR）和晚期胚胎死亡率（LEM）。传统上在畜群和奶牛一级都描述了危险因素。与兽医从业者更相关的是将这些暴露分类为可修改或不可修改。可改变的危险因素描述了一个决定因素，当生殖问题出现时，兽医可以修改该决定因素，以防止在当前或未来的繁殖季节进一步发生病例。从这篇评论得出结论，常见的可改变的危险因素会影响奶牛的生殖疾病。这些与营养有关（过渡期负能量平衡-子宫炎，子宫内膜炎，COD，PPA，LCR，LEM;酮病-子宫炎，子宫内膜炎，COD，PPA;乳热-子宫炎，子宫内膜炎），生殖（排卵期延迟，子宫内膜炎; Al习俗） -LCR，LEM;繁殖季节管理-LCR，LEM），疾病（子宫病理-PPA，LCR，LEM;传染病-LCR，LEM; me行-COD，PPA，LCR;乳腺炎-COD，PPA，LCR，LEM）和一般的畜群管理因素（母牛的环境-子宫内膜炎，COD，LCR;遗传选择-子宫炎，COD，LCR，LEM;干旱期-PPA，LCR;挤奶频率-PPA，LCR）

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