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Herbicide-Resistant Crops — Their Impact on Weed Science

机译：抗除草剂作物对杂草科学的影响

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Crops made resistant to herbicides by biotechnology are being widely adopted in North America and other parts of the world. The major impact will be from crops containing transgenes imparting resistance to post-emergence, non-seletctive herbicides forwhich there is only one commercially successful analogue, such as glyphosate and glufosinate. These products allow the farmer to more effectively use reduced- or no-tillage cultural practices, eliminate use of some of the more environmentally suspect herbicides, and use fewer herbicides to manage nearly the entire spectrum of weed species. In some cases, non-selective herbicides used with herbicide-resistant crops even reduce plant pathogen problems because of their toxicity to some microbes. There isconcern among weed scientists that eventual over reliance on fewer weed management strategies will result in evolution of resistance to the more useful herbicides and/or weed population shifts to naturally resistant species. Environmentalists are concerned with gene flow from transgenic crops to closely related wild relatives; however, herbicide resistance transgenes alone confer no fitness advantage outside of fields treated with the herbicide, making it unlikely that they would affect plant populations in natural areas. The next ten years should clarify the eventual impact of these powerful new tools on weed science and weed management.
机译：通过生物技术制成的对除草剂具有抗性的农作物在北美和世界其他地区被广泛采用。主要的影响将来自含有对芽后产生抗性的非转基因除草剂的农作物，而除草剂只有一种商业上成功的类似物，例如草甘膦和草铵膦。这些产品使农民能够更有效地采用减少耕种或免耕的耕作方式，消除对某些环境方面更可疑的除草剂的使用，并使用较少的除草剂来管理几乎所有杂草物种。在某些情况下，抗除草剂作物使用的非选择性除草剂甚至可以减少植物病原体的问题，因为它们对某些微生物具有毒性。杂草科学家之间存在一个担忧，即最终过度依赖较少的杂草处理策略将导致对更有用的除草剂的抗性演变和/或杂草种群向自然抗性物种转移。环保主义者关注从转基因作物到密切相关的野生亲缘植物的基因流动。但是，除草剂抗性转基因本身在使用除草剂处理过的田地之外没有任何适应性优势，因此它们不太可能影响自然地区的植物种群。未来十年应阐明这些强大的新工具对杂草科学和杂草管理的最终影响。

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