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首页> 外文期刊>Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Psychology >The cognitive architecture for chaining of two mental operations
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The cognitive architecture for chaining of two mental operations

机译：链接两个心理操作的认知架构

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A simple view, which dates back to Turing, proposes that complex cognitive operations arecomposed of serially arranged elementary operations, each passing intermediate results tothe next. However, whether and how such serial processing is achieved with a brain com-posed of massively parallel processors, remains an open question. Here, we study the cog-nitive architecture for chained operations with an elementary arithmetic algorithm: werequired participants to add (or subtract) two to a digit, and then compare the result withfive. In four experiments, we probed the internal implementation of this task with chrono-metric analysis, the cued-response method, the priming method, and a subliminal forced-choice procedure. We found evidence for an approximately sequential processing, with animportant qualification: the second operation in the algorithm appears to start before com-pletion of the first operation. Furthermore, initially the second operation takes as input thestimulus number rather than the output of the first operation. Thus, operations that shouldbe processed serially are in fact executed partially in parallel. Furthermore, although eachelementary operation can proceed subliminally, their chaining does not occur in theabsence of conscious perception. Overall, the results suggest that chaining is slow, effortful,imperfect (resulting partly in parallel rather than serial execution) and dependent on con-scious control.
机译：一个可以追溯到图灵的简单观点认为，复杂的认知操作由顺序排列的基本操作组成，每个操作都将中间结果传递给下一个。然而，用大规模并行处理器组成的大脑是否以及如何实现这种串行处理仍是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们使用基本算术算法研究链式操作的认知结构：要求参与者将两个数字相加（或相减），然后将结果与五个相比较。在四个实验中，我们通过计时分析，提示响应方法，启动方法和下意识强制选择程序来探究此任务的内部实现。我们发现了具有重要资格的近似顺序处理的证据：算法中的第二个操作似乎在第一个操作完成之前开始。此外，最初，第二操作将刺激数而不是第一操作的输出作为输入。因此，实际上应该部分并行执行应该串行处理的操作。此外，尽管每个基本操作都可以进行到下一个阶段，但是在没有意识感知的情况下，它们的链接不会发生。总体而言，结果表明链接缓慢，费力，不完美（部分导致并行执行而不是串行执行），并且依赖于意识控制。

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