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Components of Intensive Sweet Cherry Orchard Development

机译：集约甜樱桃园发展的组成部分

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YEAR 2 (2013) OF (ORIGINALLY) A FOUR-YEAR DURATION PROJECT (2012-2015):2013 marked the first widespread fruit production in the 2010-planted Benton cherry canopy architecture systems trial, since the Year 3 crop was lost to the devastating spring frosts of 2012. Those frost events led to rampant bacterial canker infectionsand a loss of spurs (reported in 2012) that will take several years to replace, thereby impacting potential yields by an estimated 3.5 to 5 tons per acre in 2013 and probably in 2014 as well. The greatest loss of spurs across rootstocks occurred on KGB trees and across systems on Gisela 6 trees. This was reflected in 2013 yields, which ranged from 0 to 3.4 ton/ acre, being lowest across systems on Gi6 and across rootstocks on KGB (Table 1). Yields were highest on SSA trees on Gi3 (3.4 ton/acre), followed by TSA trees on Gi3 (3.1 ton/acre). Rootstock has had the greatest impact on tree vigor (trunk cross-sectional area, TCSA), with trees on Gi6 being most vigorous, trees on Gi5 being about three-quarters as vigorous, and trees on Gi3 being about half asvigorous (Table 1; Fig. 1). Training system has had little effect thus far on tree vigor in the KGB, TSA, and UFO systems, but trees in the SSA system (planted at twice the density as the others) are about half as vigorous as the other systems. Consequently, within four years of planting, total canopy production in the orchard was comparable between canopy architectural systems, indicating rapid filling of allotted orchard space even with the TSA, UFO, KGB systems that were half the density of the SSA.In fact, mostof the system x rootstock combinations required summer pruning, which was done with a sickle-bar hedger (or by hand pruning of the KGB) in early August to reduce interior shading.
机译：第4年（原定）的第2年（2013年）：( 2012-2015年）：2013年是2010年种植的本顿樱桃树冠建筑系统试验中的首次广泛的水果生产，因为第3年的作物被毁灭性破坏2012年春季霜冻。这些霜冻事件导致细菌性溃疡病猖ramp感染和马刺损失（2012年报告），这需要数年的时间才能被替换，从而在2013年和2014年估计每英亩潜在产量3.5至5吨也一样砧木上的刺刺损失最大，发生在克格勃树上，吉塞拉6树上的刺刺损失最大。这反映在2013年的单产上，介于0至3.4吨/英亩之间，在Gi6上的各个系统和克格勃上的各种砧木都最低（表1）。 Gi3上的SSA树的产量最高（3.4吨/英亩），Gi3上的TSA树的产量最高（3.1吨/英亩）。砧木对树木活力（树干截面积，TCSA）的影响最大，其中Gi6上的树木最旺盛，Gi5上的树木活力约为四分之三，而Gi3上的树木活力则为一半（表1;参见表1。图。1）。到目前为止，培训系统对KGB，TSA和UFO系统中树木的活力影响不大，但是SSA系统中（树木密度为其他树木的两倍）的树木的活力仅是其他系统的一半。因此，在种植的四年之内，果园建筑系统之间果园的总冠层产量是可比的，这表明即使使用的TSA，UFO，KGB系统的密度仅为SSA密度的一半，也能迅速填充分配的果园空间。系统x砧木组合需要进行夏季修剪，该修剪是在8月初用镰刀篱笆修剪机（或对克格勃进行手动修剪）来减少内部阴影的。

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