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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Insights for orchard design and management using intensive sweet cherry canopy architectures on dwarfing to semi-vigorous rootstocks
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Insights for orchard design and management using intensive sweet cherry canopy architectures on dwarfing to semi-vigorous rootstocks

机译：果园设计和管理的见解，使用侏儒对半剧性砧木的强化甜樱桃冠层架构

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Coordinated intensive sweet cherry canopy architecture/rootstock trials were planted in 2010 across North America at 13 diverse sites under the NC140 regional rootstock research project. The diverse canopy architectures include two "three-dimensional"canopies: 1) a single central leader with 15 to 20+ lateral fruiting branches in a conical canopy (tall spindle axe, TSA) and 2) a multiple leader bush-like canopy with 8 to 15 upright narrow fruiting mini-leaders (Kym green bush, KGB); plus two "planar" canopies: 1) a single central leader with 20 to 30+ short lateral fruiting shoots, planted closely, pruned severely, and aligned to form a narrow fruiting wall (super slender axe, SSA), and 2) an oblique cordon-like horizontal leader with 7 to 10 upright fruiting mini-leaders aligned in a narrow fruiting wall canopy (upright fruiting offshoots, UFO). The rootstocks are 'Gisela 3' (Gi3, dwarfing), Gisela 5' (Gi5, semi-dwarfing), and 'Gisela 6' (Gi6, semi-vigorous). After 7 years, the Michigan trial (with the scion 'Benton') is the most vigorous trial site. Each canopy architecture has advantages and disadvantages with respect to precocious yields, cumulative yields, ease and cost of establishment, harvest labor, and potential for partial mechanizationfor pruning. Projected orchard yields have been highest for trees on the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing Gi3 and Gi5 rootstocks across all canopy architectures, and highest through 7 years on the UFO and TSA training systems. Fruit quality has not varied significantly by canopy architecture or rootstock However, renewal of fruiting wood, one key to longevity of intensive orchards, has been problematic on some trees on the rootstocks that impart lower vigor and higher yields. These trials have contributed significant insights for improved orchard designs for the next generation of light- and labor-efficient canopy architectures for high quality sweet cherry production systems across a range of rootstock vigor traits.
机译：在NC140区域砧木研究项目的13个不同地点，2010年北美地区种植了协调强烈的甜樱桃树冠架构/ rootstock试验。多样的机盖架构包括两个“三维”檐篷：1）一个中央领导者，在锥形冠层（高纺锤斧，TSA）和2）中，具有15至20+横向果实的枝条，2）多个领导灌木丛，其中8个到15个直立的窄果实迷你领导者（Kym Green Bush，KGB）;加上两个“平面”檐篷：1）单一的中央领导者，占地20至30+短的横向果苗，严重地种植，修剪，并对齐形成窄的结果墙（超级细长斧头，SSA）和2）倾斜Qual-like的水平领导者，具有7至10个直立的果实迷你领导者，在一个狭窄的结果壁冠层（直立果实，UFO）中对齐。砧木是'GISELA 3'（GI3，DWARFing），GISELA 5'（GI5，SEMI-DWARFING）和“GI6，半剧集”。 7年后，密歇根州的审判（带有Scion'Benton'）是最有力的试验网站。每个结构架架构都具有关于预焦产率，累积产量，建立，收获劳动力的容易和成本的优点和缺点，以及用于修剪的部分机械化的潜力。预计的果园产量对于矮化和半矮化GI3和GI5砧木的树木跨越所有机科架构的树木，并且在UFO和TSA培训系统上最高的7年。鞋面架构或砧木的水果质量没有显着变化，然而，果实的更新，密集果园的寿命一致，在砧木上的一些树上已经存在问题，赋予较低的活力和更高的收益率。这些试验为改进的果园设计造成了显着的见解，为下一代轻型和劳动力高效的冠层架构进行了一系列砧木活力特征的高品质甜樱桃生产系统。

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