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首页> 外文期刊>感染症学雑誌 >Effect of post-exposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir for those in contacts with influenza patients in pediatric wards
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Effect of post-exposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir for those in contacts with influenza patients in pediatric wards

机译：oseltamivir暴露后预防对小儿科流感患者的影响

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During the influenza season, outbreaks of influenza may occur in the pediatric wards due to spread from the patients hospitalized with influenza, or from those hospitalized during the latency period and develop influenza afterwards. Post-exposure prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors has been reported to be effective in preventing outbreaks among household members and nursing home residents. However, for nosocomial spread, its effectiveness and possible adverse effects are to be determined. During the 2002/2003 influenza season, we experienced a total of 3 nosocomial outbreaks of influenza in the pediatric wards in two hospitals in the Kanto district, Japan. Since the number of contacts who developed influenza had been increasing despite the isolation precaution implemented, post-exposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir (2 mg/kg/dose, maximum 75 mg/dose, once a day for 7-10 days) was implemented with a permission from the parents to terminate the outbreaks. In the outbreaks (one with influenza A, two with influenza B), a total of 29 inpatients had contact with influenza patients: among those 29, 13 were given post-exposure prophylaxis, 16 were not. Out of 16 patients who did not receive post-exposure prophylaxis, 11 (69%) developed influenza: out of 13 with post-exposure prophylaxis, none developed influenza. Those patients who developed influenza were given oseltamivir (2 mg/kg/dose, maximum 75 mg/dose, twice a day for 5 days) and accommodated in a private room or a room with other patients with influenza of the same type. No significant adverse effects due to oseltamivir were observed among those who were enrolled in this study.
机译：在流感季节期间，由于从住院流感的患者或潜伏期住院的患者中传播并在随后发展为流感，因此儿科病房可能发生流感暴发。据报道，用神经氨酸酶抑制剂进行暴露后预防可有效预防家庭成员和疗养院居民的暴发。但是，对于医院传播，尚需确定其有效性和可能的​​不利影响。在2002/2003流感季节，我们在日本关东地区的两家医院的儿科病房共发生了3次医院内流感暴发。尽管实施了隔离预防措施，但由于发生流感的接触者数量仍在增加，因此使用奥司他韦（2 mg / kg /剂量，最大75 mg /剂量，每天一次，持续7-10天）进行暴露后预防。父母的许可以终止爆发。在疫情暴发中（一名感染甲型流感，两名感染乙型流感），共有29名住院患者与流感患者接触：在这29名患者中，有13名接受了暴露后预防，有16名没有接受过暴露。在未接受暴露后预防的16名患者中，有11名（69％）患上了流感：在暴露后预防的13位患者中，没有发生过流感。那些患有流感的患者接受了奥司他韦（2毫克/千克/剂量，最大75毫克/剂量，每天两次，共5天），并与其他患有相同类型流感的患者一起入住私人房间。在本研究中未观察到因奥司他韦引起的重大不良反应。

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