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State of the Art in Preservation of Fluid Biospecimens

机译：流体生物标本保存的最新技术

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Fluid biospecimens (blood, serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchial lavage fluid) contain not only cells and subcellular components, but also proteins, enzymes, lipids, metabolites, and peptides, which are utilized as biomarkers. Availability of high-quality biospecimens is a requirement for biomarker discovery. The quality of the biospecimens depends upon preanalytical variables (ie, collection and processing techniques, freeze/thaw stability, and storage stability), which account for > 60%–90% of the diagnostic errors. Currently, millions of fluid biospecimens are stored in hundreds of biorepositories across the nation, and tens of thousands of new biospecimens are added to the pool daily. Specimen stabilization is imperative, because fluid biospecimens degrade quickly when kept untreated at room temperature. Achieving a high-quality fluid biospecimen requires understanding the effects of storage processing parameters (eg, freezing and thawing as well as cryo-/ lyoprotectant additives) and storage conditions on biomarkers contained within the biospecimens. In this article, we will discuss the main issues related to the stabilization of specific biofluids by reviewing (a) the current preservation and storage practices applied in biobanks/biorepositories and (b) the sensitivity of certain biomarkers to current storage techniques.
机译：液体生物标本（血液，血清，尿液，唾液，脑脊髓液和支气管灌洗液）不仅包含细胞和亚细胞成分，还包含蛋白质，酶，脂质，代谢产物和多肽，它们被用作生物标志物。高质量生物样本的可用性是生物标记发现的要求。生物样本的质量取决于分析前的变量（即，收集和加工技术，冷冻/融化稳定性和储存稳定性），占诊断错误的60％至90％以上。目前，全国有数百个生物存储库中存储着数百万个流体生物标本，并且每天向池中添加数以万计的新生物标本。标本稳定是必不可少的，因为在室温下不进行处理时，流体生物标本会迅速降解。要获得高质量的流体生物标本，需要了解存储过程参数（例如冷冻和解冻以及冷冻/冻干保护剂添加剂）和存储条件对生物标本中所含生物标志物的影响。在本文中，我们将通过审查（a）当前在生物库/生物存储库中应用的保存和存储实践，以及（b）某些生物标记物对当前存储技术的敏感性，来讨论与特定生物流体稳定相关的主要问题。

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