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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology >Gender differences in sympathetic nervous system regulation.
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Gender differences in sympathetic nervous system regulation.

机译：交感神经系统调节中的性别差异。

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1. Females are protected against the development of hypertension. The purpose of the current review is to present the evidence for gender differences in the regulation of the sympatho-adrenal nervous system and to determine if these differences support the hypothesis that, in females, the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is altered such that sympatho-adrenal activation is attenuated or sympatho-adrenal inhibition is augmented. 2. The central control of sympatho-adrenal function is different in females and responses vary during the oestral and menstrual cycles. Pathways regulating the SNS appear to be less sensitive to excitatory stimuli and more sensitive to inhibitory stimuli in females compared with males. 3. Gender differences in arterial baroreflex sensitivity suggest that females may have a greater baroreflex sensitivity, such that alterations in blood pressure are more efficiently controlled than in males. Cardiopulmonary reflex inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity is greater in females, possibly resulting in a greater renal excretory function. 4. An attenuated sensitivity to adrenergic nerve stimulation, but not to noradrenaline (NA), suggests that gender differences in noradrenergic neurotransmission may protect females against sympathetic hyperactivity. Gender differences in the regulation of NA release via presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors, the vasoconstrictor response to the cotransmitter neuropeptide Y and the clearance of catecholamines are consistent with this hypothesis. 5. Similarly, attenuated stress-induced increases in plasma catecholamines in women suggest that females are less sensitive and/or less responsive to adrenal medullary activation. This is supported by findings of gender differences in adrenal medullary catecholamine content, release and degradation. 6. We conclude that there is strong evidence that supports the hypothesis that, in females, the regulation of the SNS is altered such that sympatho-adrenal activation is attenuated or sympatho-adrenal inhibition is augmented.
机译：1.保护女性免受高血压的侵害。本综述的目的是提供在交感肾上腺神经系统调节中存在性别差异的证据，并确定这些差异是否支持以下假设：女性交感神经系统（SNS）的调节发生了改变从而减弱了交感肾上腺的激活或增强了交感肾上腺的抑制。 2.女性交感肾上腺功能的中枢控制不同，并且在前，月经周期中反应不同。与男性相比，女性中调节SNS的途径似乎对兴奋性刺激较不敏感，而对抑制性刺激更敏感。 3.动脉压力反射敏感性的性别差异表明，女性的压力反射敏感性可能更高，因此与男性相比，可以更有效地控制血压的变化。女性对交感神经活动的心肺反射抑制作用更大，可能导致更大的肾脏排泄功能。 4.对肾上腺素能神经刺激的敏感性降低，但对去甲肾上腺素（NA）的敏感性降低，表明去甲肾上腺素能神经传递中的性别差异可能保护女性免受交感神经亢进。通过突触前α2肾上腺素能受体调节NA释放的性别差异，对共递质神经肽Y的血管收缩反应和儿茶酚胺的清除均与该假设一致。 5.同样，女性因压力而诱发的血浆儿茶酚胺水平降低表明，女性对肾上腺髓质激活的敏感性较低和/或反应较慢。肾上腺髓质儿茶酚胺含量，释放和降解的性别差异的发现支持了这一点。 6.我们得出结论，有强有力的证据支持这一假说，即在女性中，SNS的调节发生改变，从而使交感肾上腺激活减弱或交感肾上腺抑制作用增强。

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