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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology >Growth hormone as a cytokine.
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Growth hormone as a cytokine.

机译：生长激素作为细胞因子。

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1. The growth hormone (GH) receptor was the first of the class 1 cytokine receptors to be cloned. It shares a number of structural characteristics with other family members and common signalling mechanisms based on common usage of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). 2. Growth hormone receptor activation is initiated by GH-induced homodimerization of receptor molecules. This has enabled the creation of specific hormone antagonists that block receptor dimerization. 3. The details of the transcription factors used by the activated receptor are being revealed as a result of promoter analyses and electrophoretic mobility gelshift analysis. 4. Growth hormone receptors are widespread and their discovery in certain tissues has led to the assignment of new physiological roles for GH. Some of these involve local or paracrine roles for GH, as befits its cytokine status. 5. Four examples of such novel roles are discussed. These are: (i) the brain GH axis; (ii) GH and the vitamin B12 axis; (iii) GH in early pre-implantation development; and (iv) GH in development of the tooth. 6. We propose that the view that GH acts through the intermediacy of insulin-like growth factor-1 is simplistic; rather, GH acts to induce an array of growth factors and their receptors and the composition of this array varies with tissue type and, probably, stage of development.
机译：生长激素（GH）受体是第一个被克隆的1类细胞因子受体。它与其他家族成员具有许多结构特征，并且基于Janus激酶2（JAK2）的常见用法具有共同的信号传导机制。 2.生长激素受体激活是由GH诱导的受体分子均二聚作用引发的。这使得能够产生阻断受体二聚化的特异性激素拮抗剂。 3.通过启动子分析和电泳迁移率凝胶位移分析，揭示了活化受体使用的转录因子的细节。 4.生长激素受体广泛存在，它们在某些组织中的发现导致GH具有新的生理作用。其中一些涉及GH的局部或旁分泌作用，因为它适合其细胞因子状态。 5.讨论了这种新颖角色的四个例子。它们是：（i）脑GH轴; （ii）GH和维生素B12轴; （iii）早期植入前生长的生长激素; （iv）GH在牙齿发育中。 6.我们认为，GH通过胰岛素样生长因子-1的中介起作用的观点是简单的。相反，GH的作用是诱导一系列生长因子及其受体，并且该阵列的组成随组织类型以及可能的发育阶段而变化。

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