Comparison of formalisms for attributing responsibility for climate change: Non-linearities in the Brazilian proposal approach

Trudinger Cathy; Enting Ian

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Comparison of formalisms for attributing responsibility for climate change: Non-linearities in the Brazilian proposal approach

机译：归因于气候变化责任的形式主义比较：巴西提案方法中的非线性

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The Brazilian Proposal for setting emission targets is based on attribution of responsibility for climate change due to historical emissions of greenhouse gases. Numerical models are used to calculate the temperature increase due to past emissions of greenhouse gases, and to partition the warming among nations or groups of nations. When non-linearities are included in the models, there are different approaches that can be used to partition global warming into regional or national contributions, and the methods give different results. Here we describe and compare seven different approaches for attributing indicators of climate change for regional emissions. We illustrate these methods with simple and realistic examples, and discuss their characteristics. Of the seven attribution methods discussed, two (the marginal and time-sliced methods) are seen as best-suited for attribution of climate change. Differences between attribution methods are typically up to a few percent for the examples considered, with differences greatest for regions with emission time histories that differ most from the average. The range due to choice of attribution method in the relative contributions of temperature change in 2000 is typically around one fifth of the range generated when other choices such as different models, forcing agents, feedbacks and other assumptions are included.

机译：巴西关于设定排放目标的提案是基于归因于历史温室气体排放的气候变化责任。数值模型用于计算由于过去温室气体排放而引起的温度升高，并在国家或国家集团之间划分变暖。当模型中包含非线性时，可以使用不同的方法将全球变暖划分为区域或国家贡献，并且这些方法给出不同的结果。在这里，我们描述并比较了将气候变化指标归因于区域排放的七种不同方法。我们通过简单而实际的示例来说明这些方法，并讨论它们的特性。在讨论的七种归因方法中，两种（边际和时间分割方法）被认为是最适合气候变化归因的方法。对于所考虑的示例，归因方法之间的差异通常高达百分之几，对于发射时间历史与平均值差异最大的区域，差异最大。在2000年温度变化的相对贡献中，归因于归因方法的选择的范围通常约为当包括其他选择（例如不同的模型，强迫因素，反馈和其他假设）时生成的范围的五分之一。

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《Climatic Change》 |2005年第2期|共33页
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Trudinger Cathy; Enting Ian;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类气候学;
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1. Comparison of formalisms for attributing responsibility for climate change: Non-linearities in the Brazilian proposal approach [J] . Trudinger Cathy, Enting Ian Climatic Change . 2005,第1a2期

机译：归因于气候变化责任的形式主义比较：巴西提案方法中的非线性
2. Differentiating future commitments on the basis of countries' relative historical responsibility for climate change: uncertainties in the 'Brazilian Proposal' in the context of a policy implementation. [J] . Elzen M G J den, Schaeffer M, Lucas P L Climatic Change . 2005,第3期

机译：根据各国对气候变化的相对历史责任来区分未来的承诺：在政策实施的背景下，“巴西提案”的不确定性。
3. Differentiating Future Commitments on the Basis of Countries’ Relative Historical Responsibility for Climate Change: Uncertainties in the ‘Brazilian Proposal’ in the Context of a Policy Implementation [J] . Michel G. J. Den Elzen, Michiel Schaeffer, Paul L. Lucas Climatic Change . 2005,第3期

机译：根据国家对气候变化的相对历史责任来区分未来的承诺：在政策实施的背景下“巴西提案”中的不确定性
4. Evaluating indicators for the relative responsibility for climate change - alternatives to the Brazilian proposal and global warming potentials [C] . N. Hoehne, J. Harnisch Third International Symposium on Non-Co_2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control Options and Policy Aspects Jan 21-23, 2002 Maastricht, The Netherlands . 2002

机译：评估气候变化相关责任的指标-巴西提案和全球变暖潜力的替代方案
5. Climate Change Implications to Irrigated Rice Production in Southern Brazil: A Modelling Approach [D] . Dos Santos, Thiago 2017

机译：气候变化对巴西南部水稻灌溉生产的影响：一种模拟方法
6. Can changes in the distributions of resident birds in China over the past 50 years be attributed to climate change? [O] . Jianguo Wu, Guobin Zhang 2015

机译：在过去的50年中中国常驻鸟类分布的变化是否可以归因于气候变化？
7. MEASURING PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY TO EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS – SELECTED ISSUES Abstract: Purpose – to present social context of corporate responsibility and the scope of the actions taken by companies in this area to external stakeholders, which include contractual and contextual stakeholders, as well as to propose performance measures in this area. Design/Methodology/Approach – the paper is based on analysis of the literature, the method of analysis of the sources was used. Findings – the article focuses on the social dimension of corporate responsibility and the measurement of its performance in this area. Originality/ Value – article presents an own proposal of set of achievements’ measures in the area of the social nature of corporate responsibility Keywords: corporate social responsibility, social area, performance measurement, stakeholders [O] . Elżbieta Jaworska 2015

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Comparison of formalisms for attributing responsibility for climate change: Non-linearities in the Brazilian proposal approach

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