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首页> 外文期刊>Climatic Change >Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations: a letter.
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Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations: a letter.

机译：甲烷和来自页岩地层的天然气的温室气体足迹：一封信。

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摘要

We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by high-volume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the life-time of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured - as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids - and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater than that of carbon dioxide, particularly over the time horizon of the first few decades following emission. Methane contributes substantially to the greenhouse gas footprint of shale gas on shorter time scales, dominating it on a 20-year time horizon. The footprint for shale gas is greater than that for conventional gas or oil when viewed on any time horizon, but particularly so over 20 years. Compared to coal, the footprint of shale gas is at least 20% greater and perhaps more than twice as great on the 20-year horizon and is comparable when compared over 100 years.
机译：我们评估了页岩地层通过大体积水力压裂获得的天然气的温室气体足迹，重点是甲烷排放。天然气主要由甲烷组成，页岩气生产中甲烷的3.6％至7.9％在排放过程中会泄漏到大气中并在井的使用寿命内泄漏。这些甲烷排放量比传统气体排放量至少高出30％，甚至两倍以上。页岩气的较高排放发生在水力压裂井时-甲烷从回流的回流液中逸出-以及压裂后的钻井过程中。甲烷是一种强大的温室气体，其全球变暖潜力远大于二氧化碳，特别是在排放后的头几十年内。甲烷在较短的时间范围内对页岩气的温室气体足迹有重大贡献，在20年的时间范围内占主导地位。从任何时间范围来看，页岩气的足迹都比传统的天然气或石油大，尤其是在20年内。与煤炭相比，页岩气的足迹至少要高出20％，在20年的展望中可能要大两倍，并且与100年相比是可比的。

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