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Addressing the risk of double counting emission reductions under the UNFCCC

机译：解决《气候公约》下重复计算减排量的风险

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摘要

Avoiding double counting of emission reductions is a key policy concern to Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Double counting of emission reductions can occur when a single greenhouse gas emission reduction or removal, achieved through a mechanism issuing units, is accounted more than once towards attaining mitigation pledges. We systematically assess how double counting can occur and how it could be addressed. We identify that double issuance - the issuance of two units for the same reductions - and double claiming - the accounting of the same reductions both in a greenhouse gas inventory and in units towards attaining a mitigation pledge - are the most important forms of double counting. They can occur not only directly, but in rather indirect ways which can be challenging to identify. Addressing double counting effectively requires international coordination in three areas: accounting of units, design of mechanisms that issue units, and consistent tracking and reporting on units. While international agreement on principles for accounting and mechanism design is crucial to preventing double counting, the governance arrangements for implementation and international oversight could vary. This article discusses options and makes recommendations for rules to address double counting in two distinct periods: through 2020 and post-2020 under a potential new international climate regime.
机译：避免重复计算减排量是《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）缔约方关注的主要政策问题。当通过机制发布单位实现的单个温室气体减排或清除被多次计入实现减排承诺时，可能会出现减排量的重复计算。我们系统地评估重复计数如何发生以及如何解决。我们发现，重复发行-两次发行相同减少量的单位-和重复声明-温室气体清单和为达成减排承诺的单位中相同减少量的核算-是重复计算的最重要形式。它们不仅可以直接发生，而且可以以间接的方式发生，这可能很难确定。有效地解决重复计算需要在三个方面进行国际协调：单位会计，设计发布单位的机制以及对单位的一致跟踪和报告。尽管就会计和机制设计原则达成国际协议对于防止重复计算至关重要，但实施和国际监督的治理安排可能有所不同。本文讨论了备选方案，并提出了在两个不同的时期内应对重复计算的规则的建议：在一个潜在的新国际气候制度下，到2020年和2020年以后。

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