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GPU-accelerated 3D mipmap for real-time visualization of ultrasound volume data

机译：GPU加速的3D Mipmap可实时显示超声体积数据

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摘要

Ultrasound volume rendering is an efficient method for visualizing the shape of fetuses in obstetrics and gynecology. However, in order to obtain high-quality ultrasound volume rendering, noise removal and coordinates conversion are essential prerequisites. Ultrasound data needs to undergo a noise filtering process; otherwise, artifacts and speckle noise cause quality degradation in the final images. Several two-dimensional (2D) noise filtering methods have been used to reduce this noise. However, these 2D filtering methods ignore relevant information in-between adjacent 2D-scanned images. Although three-dimensional (3D) noise filtering methods are used, they require more processing time than 2D-based methods. In addition, the sampling position in the ultrasonic volume rendering process has to be transformed between conical ultrasound coordinates and Cartesian coordinates. We propose a 3D-mipmap-based noise reduction method that uses graphics hardware, as a typical 3D mipmap requires less time to be generated and less storage capacity. In our method, we compare the density values of the corresponding points on consecutive mipmap levels and find the noise area using the difference in the density values. We also provide a noise detector for adaptively selecting the mipmap level using the difference of two mipmap levels. Our method can visualize 3D ultrasound data in real time with 3D noise filtering.
机译：超声体绘制是一种在产科和妇科中可视化胎儿形状的有效方法。但是，为了获得高质量的超声体绘制，噪声消除和坐标转换是必不可少的前提。超声数据需要经过噪声过滤处理;否则，伪影和斑点噪声会导致最终图像的质量下降。几种二维（2D）噪声过滤方法已用于减少此噪声。但是，这些2D滤波方法会忽略相邻2D扫描图像之间的相关信息。尽管使用了三维（3D）噪声过滤方法，但与基于2D的方法相比，它们需要更多的处理时间。另外，在超声体积渲染过程中的采样位置必须在锥形超声坐标和笛卡尔坐标之间转换。我们提出一种使用图形硬件的基于3D-mipmap的降噪方法，因为典型的3D mipmap所需的生成时间更少，存储容量也更少。在我们的方法中，我们在连续的mipmap级别上比较相应点的密度值，并使用密度值中的差异找到噪声区域。我们还提供了一个噪声检测器，用于使用两个mipmap级别之差来自适应选择mipmap级别。我们的方法可以通过3D噪声过滤实时显示3D超声数据。

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