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Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

机译:草酸钙尿石症

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摘要

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolith formation depends on the degree of urine saturation with CaOx and the balance between urinary promoters and inhibitors of CaOx formation. Hypercalciuria, which predisposes patients to CaOx urolithiasis, may be classifiedas absorptive, renal leak, or resorptive hypercalciuria. Absorptive hypercalciuria is characterized by increased intestinal absorption and renal excretion of calcium and oxalate and has been described in miniature schnauzers with urolithiasis. Renal leak hypercalciuria is characterized by impaired renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Resorptive hypercalciuria is characterized by parathyroid hormone-mediated mobilization of calcium from bone and is a result of primary hyperpara-thyroidism. Conditionsassociated with hypercalciuria include hypercalcemia; excessive dietary calcium, protein, sodium, vitamin D, or vitamin C intake; acidifying diets; urinary acidifiers; and certain drugs (e.g.. glucocorticoids, loop diuretics) and diseases (e.g., hyperadrenocorticism).
机译:草酸钙(CaOx)尿石的形成取决于CaOx对尿液的饱和程度,以及尿液促进剂和CaOx形成抑制剂之间的平衡。高钙尿症是使患者易患CaOx尿路结石的疾病,可分为吸收性,肾漏或吸收性高钙尿症。吸收性高钙尿症的特征在于肠道吸收和钙和草酸钙的肾脏排泄增加,并且已在患有尿石症的小型雪纳瑞犬中进行了描述。肾漏高钙尿症的特征是肾小管对钙的重吸收受损。吸收性高钙尿症的特征是甲状旁腺激素介导的骨骼钙动员,是原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的结果。与高钙尿症相关的疾病包括高钙血症;饮食中钙,蛋白质,钠,维生素D或维生素C的摄入量过多;饮食酸化;尿酸化剂;以及某些药物(例如糖皮质激素,利尿剂)和疾病(例如肾上腺皮质激素过多)。

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