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Attentional control of associative learning-A possible role of the central cholinergic system.

机译：注意控制联想学习-中央胆碱能系统的可能作用。

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How does attention interact with learning? Kruschke [Kruschke, J.K. (2001). Toward a unified Model of Attention in Associative Learning. J. Math. Psychol. 45, 812-863.] proposed a model (EXIT) that captures Mackintosh's [Mackintosh, N.J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82(4), 276-298.] framework for attentional modulation of associative learning. We developed a computational model that showed analogous interactions between selective attention and associative learning, but is significantly simplified and, in contrast to EXIT, is motivated by neurophysiological findings. Competition among input representations in the internal representation layer, which increases the contrast between stimuli, is critical for simulating these interactions in human behavior. Furthermore, this competition is modulated in a way that might be consistent with the phasic activation of the central cholinergic system, which modulates activity in sensory cortices. Specifically, phasic increases in acetylcholine can cause increased excitability of both pyramidal excitatory neurons in cortical layers II/III and cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons targeting the same pyramidal neurons. These effects result in increased attentional contrast in our model. This model thus represents an initial attempt to link human attentional learning data with underlying neural substrates.
机译：注意与学习如何相互作用？ Kruschke [Kruschke，J.K. （2001）。走向统一的注意力学习模型。 J.数学Psychol。 45，812-863。]提出了一种模型（EXIT），该模型可以捕获Mackintosh的[Mackintosh，N.J.（1975）。注意理论：刺激与增强的关联性的变化。心理评估，82（4），276-298。]注意力学习的联想学习框架。我们开发了一种计算模型，该模型显示了选择性注意和联想学习之间的类似交互作用，但得到了显着简化，并且与EXIT相反，其受到了神经生理学的发现。内部表示层中输入表示之间的竞争（增加了刺激之间的对比）对于模拟人类行为中的这些交互至关重要。此外，以与中央胆碱能系统的阶段性激活相一致的方式调节这种竞争，中央相胆碱能系统调节感觉皮质中的活性。具体而言，乙酰胆碱的阶段性增加会导致皮质层II / III中的锥体束兴奋性神经元和靶向相同锥体神经元的皮质GABA能抑制性中间神经元的兴奋性增加。这些影响导致我们模型中注意的对比增加。因此，该模型代表了将人类注意力学习数据与潜在的神经基础联系起来的最初尝试。

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