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Eutrophication and consumer control of New England salt marsh primary productivity

机译：新英格兰盐沼初级生产力的富营养化和消费者控制

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摘要

Although primary productivity in salt marshes is thought to be controlled by physical forces, recent evidence suggests that human disturbances can drive a switch to consumer control in these ecologically valuable ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that nitrogen enrichment can trigger consumer control in salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, with (1) a field experiment in which we manipulated nutrient availability (with nutrient additions) and insect herbivory (with insecticide application), (2) a survey of 20 salt marshes that examined the relationship between marsh nutrient status and herbivore pressure, and (3) insect herbivore removal at high and low nutrient input sites to directly test the hypothesis that nutrient enrichment is increasing insect herbivory in these marshes. Experimental nitrogen eutrophication initially increased plant productivity but eventually led to reduced plant biomass due to insect herbivory, and our surveys revealed that marsh nitrogen supply was a good predictor of herbivore damage to plants. Insects had minimal impacts on primary productivity in pristine marshes, but suppressed primary productivity in eutrophic salt marshes by 50-75%. Thus, eutrophication is currently triggering consumer suppression of primary productivity in New England salt marshes and may ultimately jeopardize the ecological and societal services these systems provide.
机译：尽管人们认为盐沼的初级生产力是由物理力控制的，但最近的证据表明，在这些具有生态价值的生态系统中，人为干扰可以促使转向消费者控制。我们测试了以下假设：氮的富集可以触发罗德岛纳拉甘西特湾盐沼中的消费者控制，其中（1）进行了田间实验，其中我们操纵了养分利用率（添加养分）和食草类动物（使用了杀虫剂），（2） ）对20个盐沼进行的调查，研究了沼泽养分状况与草食动物压力之间的关系，以及（3）在高和低养分输入部位去除昆虫草食动物，以直接检验养分富集在这些沼泽中增加昆虫草食的假说。实验性氮富营养化最初提高了植物的生产力，但最终由于昆虫食草而导致了植物生物量的减少，我们的调查表明，沼泽的氮供应是草食动物对植物损害的良好预测指标。昆虫对原始沼泽的初级生产力的影响最小，但将富营养盐沼的初级生产力降低了50-75％。因此，富营养化目前正在引发消费者对新英格兰盐沼的初级生产力的抑制，并可能最终危害这些系统提供的生态和社会服务。

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