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Fronto-striatal circuits in response-inhibition: Relevance to addiction

机译:抑制反应的额叶纹状体回路:与成瘾的相关性

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Disruptions to inhibitory control are believed to contribute to multiple aspects of drug abuse, from preexisting vulnerability in at-risk individuals, through escalation to dependence, to promotion of relapse in chronic users. Paradigms investigating the suppression of actions have been investigated in animal and human research on drug addiction. Rodent research has focused largely on impulsive behaviors, often gauged by premature responding, as a viable model highlighting the relevant role of dopamine and other neurotransmitters primarily in the striatum. Human research on action inhibition in stimulant dependence has highlighted impaired performance and largely prefrontal cortical abnormalities as part of a broader pattern of cognitive abnormalities. Animal and human research implicate inhibitory difficulties mediated by fronto-striatal circuitry both preceding and as a result of excessive stimulus use. In this regard, response-inhibition has proven a useful cognitive function to gauge the integrity of fronto-striatal systems and their role in contributing to impulsive and compulsive features of drug dependence.
机译:从抑制性控制的破坏被认为会导致药物滥用的多个方面,从高危人群中的既往脆弱性到逐步升级为依赖性,再到促进慢性使用者的复发。在动物和人类对药物成瘾的研究中,研究了抑制作用的范式。啮齿类动物的研究主要集中在冲动行为上,通常通过过早的反应来评估冲动行为,这是一种可行的模型,突出了多巴胺和其他神经递质在纹状体中的相关作用。人类对刺激性依赖中的作用抑制的研究突出了功能受损和大部分额叶前皮质异常,这是认知异常广泛模式的一部分。动物和人类研究隐含了在过度刺激使用之前以及由于过度使用刺激而导致的额叶纹状体回路介导的抑制困难。在这方面,反应抑制被证明是有用的认知功能,可用于评估额纹状体系统的完整性及其在促成药物依赖的冲动和强迫特征中的作用。

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