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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Efficacy of a voluntary area to be avoided to reduce risk of lethal vessel strikes to endangered whales
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Efficacy of a voluntary area to be avoided to reduce risk of lethal vessel strikes to endangered whales

机译：避免使用自愿区域的功效，以减少致命船只撞向濒临灭绝的鲸鱼的风险

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摘要

Ocean-going vessels pose a threat to large whales worldwide and are responsible for the majority of reported deaths diagnosed among endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Various conservation policies have been implemented to reduce vessel-strike mortality in this species. The International Maritime Organization adopted the Roseway Basin Area to be avoided on the Scotian Shelf as a voluntary conservation initiative to reduce the risk of lethal vessel strikes to right whales. We initiated the Vessel Avoidance & Conservation Area Transit Experiment to evaluate the efficacy of this initiative because the effectiveness of the avoidance scheme in reducing risk without the imposition of vessel-speed restrictions depends entirely on vessel-operator compliance. Using a network of automatic identification system receivers, we collected static, dynamic, and voyage-related vessel data in near real time from the Roseway Basin region for 12 months before and 6 months after the implementation of the area to be avoided. Using pre- and post-implementation vessel navigation and speed data, along with right whale sightings per unit effort data, all resolved at 3′N latitude by 3′W longitude, we estimated the post-implementation change in risk of lethal vessel strikes. Estimates of vessel-operator voluntary compliance ranged from 57% to 87% and stabilized at 71% within the first 5 months of implementation. Our estimates showed an 82% reduction in the risk of lethal vessel strikes to right whales due to vessel-operator compliance. We conclude that the high level of compliance achieved with this voluntary conservation initiative occurred because the area to be avoided was adopted by the International Maritime Organization. Our results demonstrate that international shipping interests are able and willing to voluntarily alter course to protect endangered whales.
机译：远洋轮船威胁着世界范围内的大型鲸鱼，对已报告的绝大部分濒临灭绝的北大西洋右鲸（Eubalaena glacialis）的死亡均负有责任。已经实施了各种保护政策来降低该物种的罢工死亡率。国际海事组织通过了在斯科托陆架上避免使用的罗斯韦盆地地区作为一项自愿保护举措，以减少致命的船只撞向露脊鲸的风险。我们启动了“船舶避让和保护区过境实验”，以评估该计划的有效性，因为在没有施加船速限制的情况下，避免计划在降低风险方面的有效性完全取决于船舶经营者。使用自动识别系统接收器网络，我们在实施拟避免的区域之前和之后的12个月和6个月后，几乎实时地从罗斯韦盆地地区收集了静态，动态和与航行有关的船只数据。使用实施前和实施后船只的航行和速度数据，以及每单位努力力观测到的正确的鲸鱼观测数据，这些数据均在3'N纬度和3'W经度下解析，我们估算了实施后致命船舶罢工风险的变化。在实施的前5个月内，对船舶经营人自愿遵守的估计为57％至87％，并稳定在71％。我们的估计显示，由于遵守船运条例，致死鲸鱼对右鲸的致命危险降低82％。我们的结论是，由于国际海事组织采用了应避免的区域，因此实现了这项自愿性保护举措的高度遵守。我们的结果表明，国际运输利益集团有能力并且愿意自愿改变航向以保护濒临灭绝的鲸鱼。

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