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Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease risk

机译：森林破碎对莱姆病风险的影响

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Forest destruction and fragmentation in the United States recently have been shown to reduce mammalian species diversity and to elevate population densities of white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ). One potential consequence of reduced species diversity and high mouse density in small fragments is an increase in human exposure to Lyme disease. Increased risk of exposure to this disease is expected because of the role of the white-footed mouse as the principal natural reservoir of the Lyme bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi . Blacklegged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) feeding on mice have a higher probability of becoming infected with the bacterium than do ticks feeding on any other host species. We hypothesized that small forest patches ( <2 ha ) have a higher density of infected nymphal blacklegged ticks, which is the primary risk factor for Lyme disease, than larger patches ( 2-8 ha ). In the summer of 2000, we sampled tick density and B. burgdorferi infection prevalence in 14 maple-dominated forest patches, ranging in size from 0.7 to 7.6 ha, in Dutchess County of southeastern New York state. We found a significant linear decline in nymphal infection prevalence with increasing patch area and a significant exponential decline in nymphal density with increasing patch area. The consequence was a dramatic increase in the density of infected nymphs, and therefore in Lyme disease risk, with decreasing forest patch size. We did not observe a similar relationship between the density of larval ticks and patch size. These results suggest that by influencing the community composition of vertebrate hosts for disease-bearing vectors, habitat fragmentation can influence human health. [References: 33]
机译：最近显示，美国的森林破坏和破碎减少了哺乳动物的物种多样性，并提高了白脚小鼠（Peromyscus leucopus）的种群密度。小片段中物种多样性降低和高小鼠密度的一个潜在后果是人类接触莱姆病的风险增加。由于白脚小鼠作为莱姆细菌伯氏疏螺旋体的主要天然贮藏库的作用，预计暴露于该疾病的风险会增加。以老鼠为食的黑脚tick（肩x）（Ixodes scapularis）比以其他宿主物种为食的tick有更高的被细菌感染的可能性。我们假设较小的森林斑块（<2公顷）比较大的斑块（2-8公顷）具有更高的被感染的若虫黑腿tick密度，这是莱姆病的主要危险因素。在2000年夏季，我们在纽约州东南部的德兰西斯郡（Dutchess County）采样了14个以枫叶为主的森林斑块的tick密度和B. burgdorferi感染患病率，范围从0.7到7.6公顷。我们发现若虫感染率随斑块面积的增加而呈线性下降，而若虫密度随斑块面积的增加而呈指数下降。结果是随着森林斑块面积的减小，被感染的若虫的密度急剧增加，从而增加了莱姆病的风险。我们没有观察到幼虫tick密度和斑块大小之间的相似关系。这些结果表明，通过影响携带病原体的脊椎动物宿主的群落组成，栖息地破碎化可以影响人类健康。 [参考：33]

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