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Demographic processes underlying population growth and decline in Salamandra salamandra

机译：Salamandra salamandra人口增长和衰退的人口统计学过程

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Human activity commonly has negative impacts on wildlife. Often, however, only a single element of the life cycle is affected, and it is unclear whether such effects translate into effects on population growth. This is particularly true for research into the causes of global amphibian declines, where experimental research focuses primarily on the aquatic larval stages but theory suggests these stages have only minor importance for population growth. We used data from long-term mark-recapture studies of two natural populations of the salamander Salamandra salamandra to confirm the predictions of population models. One population remained stable (i.e., stationary) throughout the 20 years of the study whereas the other declined to local extinction. We used mark-recapture models to break down population growth rate into its two main components, recruitment and adult survival Survival of postmetamorphic salamanders was constant over time in the stable population, whereas the declining population was characterized by a decrease in survival and constant recruitment. Population growth was most sensitive to variation in adult survival. Current amphibian research focuses on preadult stages, and researchers assume recruitment is the most important determinant of population growth. This may not be the case. A better understanding of amphibian population dynamics is possible only through the integration of experiments, theory, and data from natural populations. Our results also suggest that amphibian conservation efforts should focus on all stages of the life cycle and their associated habitats.
机译：人类活动通常会对野生生物产生负面影响。但是，通常只影响生命周期的一个要素，尚不清楚这种影响是否转化为对人口增长的影响。对于全球两栖动物数量减少的原因的研究尤其如此，实验研究主要集中在水生幼体阶段，但理论认为这些阶段对种群增长的重要性很小。我们使用了对natural的两个自然种群进行长期标记捕获研究的数据，以确认种群模型的预测。在整个研究的20年中，一个种群保持稳定（即静止），而另一种群下降至局部灭绝。我们使用标记夺取模型将人口增长率分解为两个主要组成部分，即募集和成年存活率在稳定种群中，后变态sal的存活率随着时间的推移是恒定的，而人口下降的特征是存活率下降和持续募集。人口增长对成年生存的变化最敏感。当前的两栖动物研究集中在成年前，研究人员认为招聘是人口增长的最重要决定因素。事实并非如此。只有通过整合自然种群的实验，理论和数据，才能更好地理解两栖动物的种群动态。我们的结果还表明，两栖动物保护工作应集中在生命周期的各个阶段及其相关的栖息地。

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