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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Shade-coffee plantations as refuges for tropical wild orchids in central Veracruz, Mexico
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Shade-coffee plantations as refuges for tropical wild orchids in central Veracruz, Mexico

机译：墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯中部的遮阳咖啡种植园作为热带野生兰花的避难所

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In central Veracruz, Mexico, coffee plantations have replaced large areas of lower montane cloud forest. Shade-coffee plantations with high levels of structural diversity provide refuge for forest-dependent biota (e.g., birds and insects). Orchids typical of natural forest may also be found in the canopy of shade-coffee agroecosystems. It is not known, however, whether these are relicts from the original forest vegetation or if the plantations themselves provide the necessary conditions to support a self-sustained orchid population. We studied the population structure of the epiphytic orchids Jacquiniella teretifolia (Sw) Britton & Willson, Scaphyglottis livida (Lindl.) Schltr, and Maxillaria densa Lindl. in a shade-coffee plantation (commercial polyculture) in central Veracruz. We also studied the previously undescribed reproductive biology of the latter two species. Our results show that the three orchid species had high population densities (>800 plants/ha). In our study site, 50% to 68% of the orchid plants of the target species were young individuals (less than five shoots). Reproductive structures were present in 80% of individuals larger than 30 shoots in the three species. M. densa is self-incompatible, and the fruit set obtained from cross pollination (42.7%) was higher than that obtained from natural pollination (18.2%), suggesting that this species could be pollinator limited. S. livida is auto-compatible, not autogamous, and was not pollinator limited. Our results show that the coffee plantation had abundant orchid populations with log-normal size/age structures. Two of the target species, M. densa and S. livida, depend on pollinators to reproduce. It is clear that pollinators that allow orchids to set a high proportion of fruits persist in shade-coffee plantations. Coffee plantations may not replace the original conditions of a forest, but it is possible that these and other orchid species survive and reproduce in coffee plantations that provide appropriate microclimate conditions for the plants, including pollinators.
机译：在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州中部，咖啡种植园已取代了大片的较低的山地云雾森林。具有高度结构多样性的树荫咖啡种植园为依赖森林的生物群（例如鸟类和昆虫）提供了庇护所。荫凉咖啡农业生态系统的树冠中也可以找到天然林的典型兰花。但是，尚不清楚这些植物是否来自原始森林植被的遗物，或者人工林本身是否提供了支持自持兰花种群的必要条件。我们研究了附生兰花特兰种（Sacphyglottis livida（Lindl。）Schltr和Maxillaria densa Lindl的附生兰花（Jacquiniella teretifolia（Sw））的种群结构。在韦拉克鲁斯中部的阴凉咖啡种植园（商业多元文化）中。我们还研究了后两个物种先前未描述的生殖生物学。我们的结果表明，这三种兰花物种具有较高的种群密度（> 800株/公顷）。在我们的研究地点，目标物种的兰花植物中有50％至68％是年轻个体（少于5个芽）。在这三个物种中，大于30个枝条的个体中有80％具有生殖结构。 M. densa是自交不亲和的，通过异花授粉获得的坐果率（42.7％）高于通过自然授粉获得的坐果率（18.2％），这表明该物种可能受传粉者限制。 Livida链霉菌是自动兼容的，不是同性的，并且不受授粉媒介的限制。我们的结果表明，咖啡种植园的兰花种群数量丰富，大小/年龄结构正常。靶标物种中的两个是M. densa和S. livida，依靠传粉媒介繁殖。很明显，在兰花咖啡种植园中，允许兰花生高比例水果授粉的传粉者仍然存在。咖啡种植园可能无法代替森林的原始条件，但是这些和其他兰花物种可能在咖啡种植园中生存并繁殖，这些咖啡种植园为包括授粉媒介在内的植物提供了适当的微气候条件。

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