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Resilience of southwestern Amazon forests to anthropogenic edge effects

机译：亚马逊西南部森林对人为边缘效应的恢复力

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Antbropogenic edge effects can compromise the conservation value of mature tropical forests. To date most edge-effect research in Amazonia has concentrated on forests in relatively seasonal locations or with poor soils in the east of the basin. We present the first evaluation from the relatively richer soils of far western Amazonia on the extent to which mature forest biomass, diversity, and composition are affected by edges. In a southwestern Amazonian landscape we surveyed woody plant diversity, species composition, and biomass in 88 x 0.1 ha samples of unflooded forest that spanned a wide range in soil properties and included samples as close as 50 m and as distant as > 10 km from anthropogenic edges. We applied Mantel tests, multiple regression on distance matrices, and other multivariate techniques to identify anthropogenic effects before and after accounting for soil factors and spatial autocorrelation. The distance to the nearest edge, accesspoint, and the geographical center of the nearest community ("anthropogenic-distance effects") all had no detectable effect on tree biomass or species diversity. Anthropogenic-distance effects on tree species composition were also below the limits of detection and were negligible in comparison with natural environmental and spatial factors. Analysis of the data set's capacity to detect anthropogenic effects confirmed that the forests were not severely affected by edges, although because our study had few plots within 100 m of forest edges, our confidence in patterns in the immediate vicinity of edges is limited. It therefore appears that the conservation value of most "edge" forests in this region has not yet been compromised substantially. We caution that because this is one case study it should not be overinterpreted, but one explanation for our findings may be that western Amazonian tree species are naturally faster growing and more disturbance adapted than those farther east.
机译：产生蚂蚁的边缘效应会损害成熟热带森林的保护价值。迄今为止，亚马逊地区的大多数边缘效应研究都集中在相对季节性的地区或盆地东部土壤贫瘠的森林上。我们从远亚马逊地区相对富裕的土壤中，对成熟森林生物量，多样性和组成受边缘影响的程度进行了首次评估。在西南亚马逊地区，我们调查了88 x 0.1公顷的未淹没森林样本中的木本植物多样性，物种组成和生物量，这些样本的土壤性质范围很广，其中包括距人为因素最近50 m和距离> 10 km的样本边缘。我们应用了Mantel测试，距离矩阵的多元回归以及其他多元技术来确定考虑土壤因素和空间自相关前后的人为影响。到最近边缘的距离，访问点和最近社区的地理中心（“人为距离效应”）都没有对树木生物量或物种多样性产生可检测的影响。人为距离对树种组成的影响也低于检出限，与自然环境和空间因素相比可忽略不计。对数据集检测人为影响的能力的分析证实，森林没有受到边缘的严重影响，尽管由于我们的研究在森林边缘100 m内很少有地块，所以我们对边缘附近区域的模式的信心有限。因此，似乎该地区大多数“边缘”森林的保护价值尚未受到实质性损害。我们提醒您，因为这是一个案例研究，所以不应该对它进行过度解释，但是对于我们的发现，一种解释可能是，与远东的那些相比，西亚亚马逊树种自然生长更快，适应性更强。

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