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Heterozygosity-Fitness Correlations and Inbreeding Depression in Two Critically Endangered Mammals

机译：两种极度濒危哺乳动物的杂合度-健身相关性和近交抑制

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The relation among inbreeding, heterozygosity, and fitness has been studied primarily among outbred populations, and little is known about these phenomena in endangered populations. Most researchers conclude that the relation between coefficient of inbreeding estimated from pedigrees and fitness traits (inbreeding-fitness correlations) better reflects inbreeding depression than the relation between marker heterozygosity and fitness traits (heterozygosity-fitness correlations). However, it has been suggested recently that heterozygosity-fitness correlations should only be expected when inbreeding generates extensive identity disequilibrium (correlations in heterozygosity and homozygosity across loci throughout the genome). We tested this hypothesis in Mohor gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr) and Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). For Mohor gazelle, we calculated the inbreeding coefficient and measured heterozygosity at 17 microsatellite loci. For Iberian lynx, we measured heterozygosity at 36 microsatellite loci. In both species we estimated semen quality, a phenotypic trait directly related to fitness that is controlled by many loci and is affected by inbreeding depression. Both species showed evidence of extensive identity disequilibrium, and in both species heterozygosity was associated with semen quality. In the Iberian lynx the low proportion of normal sperm associated with low levels of heterozygosity was so extreme that it is likely to limit the fertility of males. In Mohor gazelle, although heterozygosity was associated with semen quality, inbreeding coefficient was not. This result suggests that when coefficient of inbreeding is calculated on the basis of a genealogy that begins after a long history of inbreeding, the coefficient of inbreeding fails to capture previous demographic information because it is a poor estimator of accumulated individual inbreeding. We conclude that among highly endangered species with extensive identity disequilibrium, examination of heterozygosity-fitness correlations may be an effective way to detect inbreeding depression, whereas inbreeding-fitness correlations may be poor indicators of inbreeding depression if the pedigree does not accurately reflect the history of inbreeding.
机译：近亲繁殖，杂合性和适应性之间的关系主要在近亲种群中进行了研究，对濒临灭绝的种群中的这些现象知之甚少。大多数研究人员得出的结论是，从谱系估计的近交系数与适应性状之间的关系（近亲适应度相关性）比标记杂合度与适应性状之间的关系（杂合度-适应度相关性）更好地反映了近亲抑郁。但是，最近有人提出，仅当近交产生广泛的身份不平衡（整个基因组中各基因座的杂合性和纯合性的相关性）时，才应预期杂合性-适合性的相关性。我们在Mohor gazelle（Gazella dama mhorr）和Iberian lynx（Lynx pardinus）中检验了这一假设。对于Mohor瞪羚，我们计算了近交系数并测量了17个微卫星基因座的杂合度。对于伊比利亚山猫，我们测量了36个微卫星基因座的杂合性。在这两个物种中，我们都估算了精液质量，这是一种与体质直接相关的表型性状，受许多基因座控制，并受到近交衰退的影响。两个物种均显示出广泛的身份不平衡的证据，并且在两个物种中杂合性均与精液质量有关。在伊比利亚天猫座中，正常精子的比例低，杂合度低，这非常极端，以至于可能限制了男性的生育能力。在Mohor瞪羚中，尽管杂合性与精液质量有关，但近交系数却没有。该结果表明，当根据近交历史开始的家谱来计算近交系数时，近交系数无法捕获先前的人口统计信息，因为它是累积的近交个体的较差估计。我们得出的结论是，在高度濒危物种中具有广泛的身份不平衡，检查杂合度-适合度相关性可能是检测近亲抑郁的有效方法，而如果谱系不能准确反映近亲繁殖史，则近亲-适应性相关性可能是近亲抑郁的不良指标。近交。

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