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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Effects of landscape transformation on bird colonization and extinction patterns in a large-scale, long-term natural experiment
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Effects of landscape transformation on bird colonization and extinction patterns in a large-scale, long-term natural experiment

机译：在大规模，长期的自然实验中，景观转变对鸟类定居和灭绝模式的影响

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Conversion of agricultural land to forest plantations is a major driver of global change. Studies on the impact of forest plantations on biodiversity in plantations and in the surrounding native vegetation have been inconclusive. Consequently, it is not known how to best manage the extensive areas of the planet currently covered by plantations. We used a novel, long-term (16 years) and large-scale (30,000 ha) landscape transformation natural experiment (the Nanangroe experiment, Australia) to test the effects of land conversion on population dynamics of 64 bird species associated with woodland and forest. A unique aspect of our study is that we focused on the effects of plantations on birds in habitat patches within plantations. Our study design included 56 treatment sites (Eucalyptus patches where the surrounding matrix was converted from grazed land to pine plantations), 55 control sites (Eucalyptus patches surrounded by grazed land), and 20 matrix sites (sites within the pine plantations and grazed land). Bird populations were studied through point counts, and colonization and extinction patterns were inferred through multiple season occupancy models. Large-scale pine plantation establishment affected the colonization or extinction patterns of 89% of studied species and thus led to a comprehensive turnover in bird communities inhabiting Eucalyptus patches embedded within the maturing plantations. Smaller bodied species appeared to respond positively to plantations (i.e., colonization increased and extirpation of these species decreased in patches surrounded by plantations) because they were able to use the newly created surrounding matrix. We found that the effects of forest plantations affected the majority of the bird community, and we believe these effects could lead to the artificial selection of one group of species at the expense of another.
机译：将农业用地转变为人工林是全球变化的主要动力。关于人工林对人工林和周围原生植被生物多样性的影响的研究尚无定论。因此，未知如何最好地管理目前种植园覆盖的地球广阔区域。我们使用了新颖，长期（16年）和大规模（30,000公顷）的景观改造自然实验（澳大利亚Nanangroe实验，澳大利亚）来测试土地转换对64种与林地和森林有关的鸟类种群动态的影响。我们研究的一个独特方面是，我们专注于人工林对人工林内栖息地斑块中鸟类的影响。我们的研究设计包括56个处理点（桉树斑块，周围的基质从放牧地转变为松树人工林），55个控制点（桉树斑块被放牧的土地包围）和20个基质点（松树种植园和放牧地中的站点） 。通过点数研究鸟类的数量，并通过多个季节的居住模型推断定居和灭绝的模式。大规模的松树人工林建设影响了89％的研究物种的定殖或灭绝模式，因此导致了栖息在成熟人工林中的桉树斑块的鸟类群落的全面周转。较小的身体物种似乎对人工林具有积极的反应（即，在人工林周围的斑块中定植增加，这些物种的灭绝减少），因为它们能够使用新创建的周围基质。我们发现森林人工林的影响影响了大多数鸟类群落，并且我们相信这些影响可能导致人为选择一组物种而以另一组为代价。

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