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The importance of defining focal assemblages when evaluating amphibian and reptile responses to land use

机译：在评估两栖动物和爬行动物对土地利用的反应时，定义焦点组合的重要性

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Habitat loss and degradation are primary threats to amphibians and reptiles, but the relative effects of common land uses on assemblages and the mechanisms that underlie faunal responses are poorly studied. We reviewed the effects of four prevalent types of habitat alteration (urbanization, agriculture, livestock grazing, and silviculture) on amphibian and reptile species richness and abundance by summarizing reported responses in the literature and by estimating effect sizes across studies for species richness in each land-use type. We then used a multinomial model to classify species as natural habitat specialists, generalists, and disturbed habitat specialists and examined variation in effect sizes for each land-use type according to habitat specialization categories. There were mixed conclusions from individual studies, some reporting negative, neutral, or positive effects of land use on species richness and total abundance. A large proportion of studies reported species-specific effects of individual species abundance. However, in our analysis of effect sizes, we found a general trend of negative effects of land use on species richness. We also demonstrate that habitat associations of common species and species turnover can explain variation in the effect of land use on herpetofauna. Our review highlights the pervasive negative effects of common land uses on amphibians and reptiles, the importance of identifying groups vulnerable to land-use change (e.g., forest-associated species) in conservation studies, and the potential influence of disturbance-associated species on whole assemblage analyses.
机译：生境的丧失和退化是对两栖动物和爬行动物的主要威胁，但是，人们对普通土地利用对种群的相对影响以及作为动物响应基础的机制的研究很少。我们通过总结文献中报告的反应并通过估算每个土地上物种丰富度的研究规模来评估四种常见类型的栖息地改变（城市化，农业，放牧和造林）对两栖和爬行动物物种丰富度和丰度的影响。使用类型。然后，我们使用多项式模型将物种分类为自然栖息地专家，通才和受干扰的栖息地专家，并根据栖息地专业化类别检查了每种土地利用类型的效应大小变化。个别研究得出的结论不一，有些报告指出土地利用对物种丰富度和总丰度有负面，中性或正面影响。大量研究报告了单个物种丰富度对物种的特定影响。但是，在我们对影响大小的分析中，我们发现了土地利用对物种丰富度的负面影响的总体趋势。我们还证明，常见物种的栖息地协会和物种周转率可以解释土地利用对Herpetofauna的影响的变化。我们的评论强调了常见土地用途对两栖动物和爬行动物的普遍负面影响，在保护研究中确定易受土地用途变化影响的群体（例如与森林有关的物种）的重要性以及与干扰有关的物种对整个物种的潜在影响组合分析。

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