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Status of Coconut Farming and the Associated Challenges in Kenya

机译：肯尼亚椰子种植的现状和相关挑战

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Coconuts (Cocos nucifera) have been grown in Coastal Kenya for many centuries and are an integral part of the farming systems in the region. Over 80% of the coastal farm households derive their livelihoods either directly or indirectly from the coconut tree that is considered as both cash and a food crop. The coconut tree on the other hand has a tremendous potential of helping Kenya's poor in the coastal region and the rest of the country due to its multi-purpose uses that can be strategically harnessed to generate employment and income, reduce edible oil imports and generate foreign exchange for the country. The tree population stands at 7.5 million palms. Nut production is however very low (a minimum of 30 nuts per tree per year) owing to a numberof challenges that include high incidences of pests and diseases, poor agronomic practices, low quality planting materials and a narrow genetic base. In order to address the major challenge of coconut pests, a baseline survey was undertaken in the majorcoconut producing counties of coastal lowland Kenya, targeting the smallholder coconut farmers. A total 170 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A literature review was also conducted to contextualize and benchmark findings of thesurvey. Results showed that the rhinoceros beetle was the major pest on coconut trees, causing damage of up to 80% of the palms. The Coreid bug (Psendotheraptus wayi) and the Eriophyid mites (Aceria guerreronis) were the major nut destructive pests witha resultant nut loss of 30% and 40% respectively. The study stresses the need to address the challenges posed by pests and diseases on coconut by adopting the Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) practices.
机译：椰子（Cocos nucifera）已经在肯尼亚沿海地区种植了多个世纪，是该地区农业系统不可或缺的一部分。超过80％的沿海农场家庭直接或间接地从被视为现金和粮食作物的椰子树中谋生。另一方面，由于椰子树具有多种用途，可以从战略上利用其来创造就业机会和收入，减少食用油进口量并产生外国收入，因此它具有极大的潜力帮助肯尼亚沿海地区和该国其他地区的穷人。交换国家。树木种群为750万棵。然而，由于许多挑战，包括虫害和疾病的高发，不良的农艺习惯，低质量的种植材料和狭窄的遗传基础，坚果的产量非常低（每棵树每年最少要有30个坚果）。为了应对椰子害虫的主要挑战，在沿海低地肯尼亚的主要椰子生产县进行了基线调查，针对的是小农椰子种植者。使用结构化问卷对总共170位农民进行了采访。还进行了文献综述，以对调查结果进行情境化和基准化。结果表明，犀牛甲虫是椰子树上的主要害虫，造成多达80％的棕榈树受损。 Coreid臭虫（Psendotheraptus wayi）和Eriophyid螨（Aceria guerreronis）是破坏坚果的主要害虫，导致坚果损失分别为30％和40％。该研究强调需要通过采用病虫害综合治理（IPDM）的方法来应对害虫和疾病对椰子造成的挑战。

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