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Conservation Planning with Multiple Organizations and Objectives

机译：具有多个组织和目标的保护规划

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摘要

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of conservation organizations worldwide. It is now common for multiple organizations to operate in the same landscape in pursuit of different conservation goals. New objectives, such as maintenance of ecosystem services, will attract additional funding and new organizations to conservation. Systematic conservation planning helps in the design of spatially explicit management actions that optimally conserve multiple landscape features (e.g., species, ecosystems, or ecosystem services). But the methods used in its application implicitly assume that a single actor implements the optimal plan. We investigated how organizational behavior and conservation outcomes are affected by the presence of autonomous implementing organizations with different objectives. We used simulation models and game theory to explore how alternative behaviors (e.g., organizations acting independently or explicitly cooperating) affected an organization's ability to protect their feature of interest, and investigated how the distribution of features in the landscape influenced organizations' attitudes toward cooperation. Features with highly correlated spatial distributions, although typically considered an opportunity for mutually beneficial conservation planning, can lead to organizational interactions that result in lower levels of protection. These detrimental outcomes can be avoided by organizations that cooperate when acquiring land. Nevertheless, for cooperative purchases to benefit both organizations' objectives, each must forgo the protection of land parcels that they would consider to be of high conservation value. Transaction costs incurred during cooperation and the sources of conservation funding could facilitate or hinder cooperative behavior.
机译：全球保护组织的数量已经急剧增加。现在，为了追求不同的保护目标，多个组织通常在同一地区开展业务。诸如维护生态系统服务之类的新目标将吸引更多的资金和新的组织进行保护。系统的保护规划有助于设计空间明确的管理措施，以最佳方式保护多个景观特征（例如物种，生态系统或生态系统服务）。但是，在其应用程序中使用的方法隐含地假设单个角色执行最佳计划。我们调查了具有不同目标的自治实施组织对组织行为和保护成果的影响。我们使用仿真模型和博弈论来探讨替代行为（例如，独立运作或明确合作的组织）如何影响组织保护其感兴趣的特征的能力，并调查景观中特征的分布如何影响组织对合作的态度。与空间分布高度相关的要素，尽管通常被认为是互利的保护规划的机会，但可能导致组织交互，从而降低保护水平。这些有害的后果可以通过在收购土地时进行合作的组织来避免。然而，为了使合作社采购惠及两个组织的目标，每个组织都必须放弃对他们认为具有高度保护价值的地块的保护。合作期间产生的交易成本和保护资金的来源可能促进或阻碍合作行为。

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