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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Park Gazettement and Integrated Conservation and Development as Factors in Community Conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda
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Park Gazettement and Integrated Conservation and Development as Factors in Community Conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

机译：乌干达布恩迪难以穿透的森林公园公报和综合保护与开发是社区冲突的因素

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Conflicts between protected-area managers and local people are common, but the drivers of conflict are rarely analyzed. This limits opportunities to identify strategies that reduce conflict and the magnitude of resulting threats to conservation. Integrated conservation and development (ICD) was adopted at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda, to reduce conflict during gazettement of the national park, but the success of this approach remains contested. We retrieved documents of conflict written by park staff and local people from 1986 through 2000 (before, during, and after gazettement). We extracted data on 48 incidences of violent conflict and categorized them by gazettement period, area, instigator, and type to undertake a historical analysis of the triggers of violent conflict at Bwindi. Before and during gazettement, local villagers instigated most of the conflict incidents when law-enforcement efforts sought to halt commercial activities within Bwindi. No conflict arose from the arrest of villagers collecting subsistence resources during these periods. After gazettement, prohibitions on commercial activities continued to drive conflict even though villagers collecting subsistence resources were arrested more frequently than before gazettement, and local attitudes toward the park had improved following receipt of ICD benefits. Law-enforcement efforts targeted commercial activities to reduce this threat to Bwindi's mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), although the activities remained important income sources for people in villages near Bwindi. Losing commercial income following gazettement therefore appeared to be their primary motivation for instigating conflict with park rangers. Prohibitions on subsistence resource use triggered conflict less often. Our use of typologies for a multivariate conflict analysis demonstrates that by identifying differences between effects of conservation as drivers of conflict, conflict analysis can enable a more strategic deployment of conflict-resolution measures that could further conservation efforts. At Bwindi targeting ICD toward individuals who lost benefits from commercial activities may strengthen the role of ICD in conflict resolution and conservation.
机译：保护区管理人员与当地人之间的冲突很普遍，但是很少分析冲突的起因。这限制了确定减少冲突的策略以及减少对保护造成的威胁的机会。乌干达的布恩迪难以穿越的森林采用了综合保护与开发（ICD），以减少国家公园宪报刊登期间的冲突，但是这种方法的成功仍存在争议。我们检索了1986年至2000年（在宪报发布之前，之中和之后）公园工作人员和当地人撰写的冲突文件。我们提取了48起暴力冲突事件的数据，并根据宪报发布时期，地区，煽动者和类型进行了分类，以对布恩迪暴力冲突的诱因进行历史分析。在宪报刊登之前和之中，当执法人员试图停止在布恩迪内的商业活动时，当地村民煽动了大多数冲突事件。在这些时期，逮捕逮捕收集生存资源的村民没有引起冲突。刊登宪报后，禁止商业活动继续引发冲突，尽管与刊登宪报之前相比，村民收集生存资源的频率更高，而且在获得ICD福利后当地对公园的态度有所改善。执法工作针对商业活动，以减少对布恩迪的山地大猩猩（大猩猩大猩猩）的威胁，尽管这些活动仍然是布恩迪附近村庄人民的重要收入来源。因此，在宪报刊登后失去商业收入似乎是促使他们与公园护林员发生冲突的主要动机。禁止使用生计资源引发冲突的可能性较小。我们对多元冲突分析使用的类型学表明，通过识别保护作用作为冲突驱动因素之间的差异，冲突分析可以使冲突解决措施的战略部署更具战略性，从而可以进一步促进保护工作。在布恩迪（Bwindi），将ICD定位为因商业活动而失去利益的个人可能会增强ICD在解决冲突和保护方面的作用。

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