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Analyzing Disease Risks Associated with Translocations

机译：分析与易位相关的疾病风险

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摘要

Translocations of species are expected to be used increasingly to counter the undesirable effects of anthropogenic changes to ecosystems, including loss of species. Methods to assess the risk of disease associated with translocations have been compiled in a comprehensive manual of disease-risk analysis for movement of domestic animals. We used this manual to devise a qualitative method for assessing the probability of the occurrence of disease in wild animals associated with translocations. We adapted the method such that we considered a parasite (any agent of infectious or noninfectious disease) a hazard if it or the host had crossed an ecological or geographical barrier and was novel to the host. We included in our analyses hazards present throughout the translocation pathway derived from the interactions between host immunity and the parasite, the effect of parasites on populations, the effect of noninfectious disease agents, and the effect of stressors on host-parasite interactions. We used the reintroduction of Eurasian Cranes (Grus grus) to England to demonstrate our method. Of the 24 hazards identified, 1 was classified as high risk (coccidia) and 5 were medium risk (highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, Mycobacterium avium, Aspergillus fumigatus, tracheal worms [Syngamus sp. and Cyathostoma sp.], and Tetrameres spp.). Seventeen other hazards were considered low or very low risk. In the absence of better information on the number, identity, distribution, and pathogenicity of parasites of wild animals, there is uncertainty in the risk of disease to translocated animals and recipient populations. Surveys of parasites in source and destination populations and detailed health monitoring after release will improve the information available for future analyses of disease risk. We believe our method can be adapted to assess the risks of disease in other translocated populations.
机译：预计人们将越来越多地使用物种移位来应对人为改变对生态系统的不利影响，包括物种丧失。评估与易位相关的疾病风险的方法已编入关于家畜活动的疾病风险分析综合手册中。我们使用本手册设计了一种定性方法，以评估与易位相关的野生动物中疾病发生的可能性。我们对方法进行了调整，以便如果寄生虫（宿主或传染病的任何媒介）或宿主已经越过生态或地理障碍并且对宿主是新颖的，则我们将其视为一种危害。我们在分析中包括了从宿主免疫与寄生虫之间的相互作用，寄生虫对种群的影响，非传染性疾病病原体的影响以及应激源对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响所引起的贯穿整个易位途径的危险。我们使用欧亚鹤（Grus grus）的重新引入英国来证明我们的方法。在确定的24种危害中，有1种被归为高危（球菌），有5种为中危（高致病性禽流感病毒，鸟分枝杆菌，烟曲霉，气管蠕虫[Syngamus sp。和Cyathostoma sp。]和Tetrameres spp。）。 。其他十七种危害被认为是低风险或极低风险。在缺乏关于野生动物寄生虫的数量，特性，分布和致病性的更好信息的情况下，易位动物和受体种群患病的风险尚不确定。对源和目的地种群中的寄生虫进行调查，并在释放后进行详细的健康监测，将会改善可用于未来疾病风险分析的信息。我们相信我们的方法可以适用于评估其他易位人群的疾病风险。

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