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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Reduced Effect of Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease at the Disease Front
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Reduced Effect of Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease at the Disease Front

机译：塔斯马尼亚恶魔面部肿瘤病在疾病方面的作用降低

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Pathogen-driven declines in animal populations are increasingly regarded as a major conservation issue. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is threatened with extinction by devil facial tumor disease, a unique transmissible cancer. The disease is transmitted through direct transfer of tumor cells, which is possible because the genetic diversity of Tasmanian devils is low, particularly in the major histocompatibility complex genes of the immune system. The far northwest of Tasmania now holds the last remaining disease-free wild devil populations. The recent discovery of unique major histocompatibility complex genotypes in the northwestern region of Tasmania has raised the possibility that some animals may be resilient to the disease. We examined the differences in the epidemiology and population effects of devil facial tumor disease at 3 well-studied affected sites in eastern Tasmania and 1 in western Tasmania (West Pencil Pine). In contrast to the 3 eastern sites, there has been no rapid increase in disease prevalence or evidence of population decline at West Pencil Pine. Moreover, this is the only onsite at which the population age structure has remained unaltered 4 years after the first detection of disease. The most plausible explanations for the substantial differences in population effects and epidemiology of the disease between eastern and western sites are geographic differences in genotypes or phenotypes of devils and functional differences between tumor strains in the 2 regions. We suggest that conservation efforts focus on identifying whether either or both these explanations are correct and then, if resistance alleles exist, to attempt to spread the resistant alleles into affected populations. Such assisted selection has rarely been attempted for the management of wildlife diseases, but it may be widely applicable.
机译：病原体驱动的动物种群减少日益被视为主要的保护问题。塔斯马尼亚恶魔（Sarcophilus harrisii）受到恶魔面部肿瘤疾病（一种独特的可传播癌症）的威胁而灭绝。该疾病通过肿瘤细胞的直接转移而传播，这是可能的，因为塔斯马尼亚恶魔的遗传多样性较低，特别是在免疫系统的主要组织相容性复杂基因中。塔斯马尼亚州的西北部现在拥有最后剩下的无病野生魔鬼种群。最近在塔斯马尼亚州西北部地区发现了独特的主要组织相容性复杂基因型，这增加了某些动物对该病具有抵抗力的可能性。我们检查了在塔斯马尼亚州东部的3个经过深入研究的患病地点和塔斯马尼亚州西部的1个地区（西铅笔松）的魔鬼面部肿瘤疾病的流行病学和人口效应的差异。与东部的三个地点相反，西铅笔松的疾病流行率没有迅速增加或人口减少的迹象。此外，这是首次发现疾病后4年人口年龄结构保持不变的唯一现场。关于东部和西部站点之间人口效应和疾病流行病学实质性差异的最合理的解释是两个地区的恶魔基因型或表型的地理差异以及肿瘤菌株之间的功能差异。我们建议保护工作的重点是确定这些解释中的一个或两个是否正确，然后，如果存在抗性等位基因，则试图将抗性等位基因传播到受影响的人群中。这种辅助选择很少用于野生动植物疾病的管理，但可能广泛适用。

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