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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Multiple Lineages of Avian Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium) in the Galapagos Islands and Evidence for Arrival via Migratory Birds
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Multiple Lineages of Avian Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium) in the Galapagos Islands and Evidence for Arrival via Migratory Birds

机译：加拉帕戈斯群岛的多种疟疾寄生虫（疟原虫）谱系和通过候鸟到达的证据

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摘要

Haemosporidian parasites in the genus Plasmodium were recently detected through molecular screening in the Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus). We summarized results of an archipelagowide screen of 3726 endemic birds representing 22 species for Plasmodium spp. through a combination of molecular and microscopy techniques. Three additional Plasmodium lineages were present in Galapagos. Lineage A–infected penguins, Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechia aureola), and one Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza fortis) was detected at multiple sites in multiple years. The other 3 lineages were each detected at one site and at one time; apparently, they were transient infections of parasites not established on the archipelago. No gametocytes were found in blood smears of infected individuals; thus, endemic Galapagos birds may be dead-end hosts for these Plasmodium lineages. Determining when and how parasites and pathogens arrive in Galapagos is key to developing conservation strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of introduced diseases. To assess the potential for Plasmodium parasites to arrive via migratory birds, we analyzed blood samples from 438 North American breeding Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), the only songbird that regularly migrates through Galapagos. Two of the ephemeral Plasmodium lineages (B and C) found in Galapagos birds matched parasite sequences from Bobolinks. Although this is not confirmation that Bobolinks are responsible for introducing these lineages, evidence points to higher potential arrival rates of avian pathogens than previously thought.
机译：最近通过加拉帕戈斯企鹅（Spheniscus mendiculus）的分子筛查发现了疟原虫属中的血孢子虫。我们总结了代表22个物种的疟原虫属物种的3726例地方性鸟类在整个群岛范围内筛选的结果。通过分子和显微镜技术的结合。加拉帕戈斯群岛还存在另外三个疟原虫谱系。在多年内，在多个地点都发现了受谱系A感染的企鹅，黄莺（Setophaga petechia aureola）和一只中型雀科（Geospiza fortis）。另外三个谱系分别在一个站点一次被检测到。显然，它们是群岛上未建立的寄生虫的短暂感染。在感染者的血液涂片中未发现配子体;因此，地方性加拉帕戈斯鸟类可能是这些疟原虫谱系的死胡同。确定寄生虫和病原体何时以及如何到达加拉帕戈斯，对于制定保护战略以预防和减轻传入疾病的影响至关重要。为了评估疟原虫寄生虫通过候鸟到达的可能性，我们分析了438种北美繁殖的Bobolinks（Dolichonyx oryzivorus）的血样，Bobolinks是唯一定期通过加拉帕戈斯群岛迁移的鸣鸟。在加拉帕戈斯鸟类中发现的两个短暂疟原虫谱系（B和C）与来自Bobolinks的寄生虫序列匹配。尽管尚不能确定Bobolinks是否负责引入这些谱系，但有证据表明，禽病原体的潜在到达率比以前认为的要高。

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