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Carbon Payments and Low-Cost Conservation

机译：碳支付和低成本节约

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A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offset schemes. This demand could drive investment in tree-based monocultures that provide higher carbon yields than diverse plantings of native tree and shrub species, which sequester less carbon but provide greater variation in vegetation structure and composition. Economic instruments such as species conservation banking, the creation and trading of credits that represent biological-diversity values on private land, could close the financial gap between monocultures and more diverse plantings by providing payments to individuals who plant diverse species in locations that contribute to conservation and restoration goals. We studied a highly modified agricultural system in southern Australia that is typical of many temperate agriculture zones globally (i.e., has a high proportion of endangered species, high levels of habitat fragmentation, and presence of non-native species). We quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from carbon plantings (monoculture and mixed tree and shrubs) under six carbon-price scenarios. We also identified high-priority locations for restoration of cleared landscapes with mixed tree and shrub carbon plantings. Depending on the price of carbon, direct annual payments to landowners of AU$7/ha/year to $125/ha/year (US$6-120/ha/year) may be sufficient to augment economic returns from a carbon market and encourage tree plantings that contribute more to the restoration of natural systems and endangered species habitats than monocultures. Thus, areas of high priority for conservation and restoration may be restored relatively cheaply in the presence of a carbon market. Overall, however, less carbon is sequestered by mixed native tree and shrub plantings.
机译：预计碳价会产生对碳补偿计划的需求。这种需求可能会推动对以树为基础的单一栽培的投资，该栽培的碳产量比本地树木和灌木物种的多样化种植高，后者的固碳量较少，但植被结构和组成的变化较大。经济手段，例如物种保护银行业务，代表私人土地上生物多样性价值的信用额的创造和交易，可以通过向在保护区做出贡献的个人种植各种物种的个人提供付款，从而弥合单一文化和更多样化的种植之间的财务差距。和恢复目标。我们研究了澳大利亚南部的高度改良的农业系统，该系统是全球许多温带农业区的典型特征（即濒危物种比例高，栖息地破碎化程度高以及存在非本地物种）。在六个碳价情景下，我们量化了农业和碳种植（单一种植以及树木和灌木混交）的经济收益。我们还确定了高优先级的位置，以使用混合树木和灌木碳种植恢复被清除的景观。根据碳的价格，每年直接向土地所有者支付的费用为每年7澳元/公顷至125美元/公顷/年（6-120美元/公顷/年），足以增加碳市场的经济回报并鼓励植树造林。与单一种植相比，它们对恢复自然系统和濒危物种栖息地的贡献更大。因此，在存在碳市场的情况下，可以相对便宜地恢复具有高度优先保护和恢复意义的区域。总体而言，混合的本地树木和灌木种植减少了碳的吸收。

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