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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Development of a Natural Pract ice to Adapt Conservation Goals to Global Change
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Development of a Natural Pract ice to Adapt Conservation Goals to Global Change

机译：开发自然实践以使保护目标适应全球变化

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Conservation goals at the start of the 21st century reflect a combination of contrasting ideas. Ideal nature is something that is historically intact but also futuristically flexible. Ideal nature is independent from humans, but also, because of the pervasiveness of human impacts, only able to reach expression through human management. These tensions emerge in current management rationales because scientists and managers are struggling to accommodate old and new scientific and cultural thinking, while also maintaining legal mandates from the past and commitments to preservation of individual species in particular places under the stresses of global change. Common management goals (such as integrity, wilderness, resilience), whether they are forward looking and focused on sustainability and change, or backward looking and focused on the persistence and restoration of historic states, tend to create essentialisms about how ecosystems should be. These essentialisms limit the options of managers to accommodate the dynamic, and often novel, response of ecosystems to global change. Essentialisms emerge because there is a tight conceptual coupling of place and historical species composition as an indicator of naturalness (e.g., normal, healthy, independent from humans). Given that change is increasingly the norm and ecosystems evolve in response, the focus on idealized ecosystem states is increasingly unwise and unattainable. To provide more open-ended goals, we propose greater attention be paid to the characteristics of management intervention. We suggest that the way we interact with other species in management and the extent to which those interactions reflect the interactions among other biotic organisms, and also reflect our conservation virtues (e.g., humility, respect), influences our ability to cultivate naturalness on the landscape. We call this goal a natural practice (NP) and propose it as a framework for prioritizing and formulating how, when, and where to intervene in this period of rapid change.
机译：21世纪初的保护目标反映了不同观点的结合。理想的自然是历史上完好无损的，但未来的灵活性也很强。理想的自然是独立于人类的，而且由于人类影响的普遍性，只能通过人类的管理才能表达出来。这些紧张关系在当前的管理理论中逐渐显现出来，因为科学家和管理人员正在努力适应新旧的科学和文化思想，同时还要维护过去的法律要求以及在全球变化压力下保护个别地区特定物种的承诺。共同的管理目标（例如完整性，荒野，复原力），无论是前瞻性的，着眼于可持续性和变化的，还是后退性的，着眼于历史状态的持久性和恢复的，都倾向于就生态系统的方式提出本质主义。这些本质主义限制了管理者的选择权，以适应生态系统对全球变化的动态且通常是新颖的反应。本质主义之所以出现，是因为地点和历史物种组成之间存在紧密的概念耦合，可以作为自然性的指标（例如，正常，健康，独立于人类）。鉴于变化日益成为规范，而生态系统也随之发展，对理想化的生态系统状态的关注越来越不明智且无法实现。为了提供更开放的目标，我们建议更加注意管理干预的特征。我们建议，我们在管理中与其他物种相互作用的方式以及这些相互作用在多大程度上反映了其他生物之间的相互作用，也反映了我们的保护美德（例如谦卑，尊重），影响了我们在景观上培育自然的能力。 。我们将此目标称为自然实践（NP），并将其作为优先考虑和制定如何，何时以及在何处进行干预的框架。

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