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Primate hotspots on Borneo: Predictive value for general biodiversity and the effects of taxonomy

机译：婆罗洲的灵长类动物热点：对一般生物多样性和分类学影响的预测价值

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The identification of hotspots, or geographic areas that are particularly rich in biodiversity, is increasingly used to set conservation priorities. We investigated the spatial patterns of primate species richness and endemism in Borneo to assess whether primates are good indicators of biodiversity hotspots for other taxa. Based on locality records for the 13 primate species present on the island (n=1414, range 26-273 records/species), we prepared primate distribution maps. By overlaying these distribution maps in a geographic information system, we created maps that revealed the most species-rich area to be a tropical wet evergreen forest in central-eastern East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in which 11 species coexisted. No other studies had so far identified this region as a biodiversity hotspot. Generally, the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak are considered richest in general species diversity. We suggest that the main reason for this is the low number of biodiversity studies that have been conducted in Indonesian Borneo compared with Malaysian Borneo and a focus in biodiversity studies on mountain habitats rather than lowlands. We used two alternative taxonomic classifications of Bornean primates, one based on a biological and the other on a phylogenetic species concept, to determine whether the outcome of hotspot identification depended on taxonomic classification. The location of endemic primate species hotspots depended on the choice of species concept, whereas identification of the hotspots of primate species richness was not affected by choice of species concept. Our results suggest that a hotspot identification based on a relatively small group of taxa can vary with the group of species under investigation and their taxonomic classifications. Because of the lack of congruence between fine-scale hotspots of Bornean primate diversity and other hotspots reported in the literature, Bornean primates appear unsuitable for identifying areas of general species richness. Bornean primates may, however, be useful indicators of lowland diversity on the island. [References: 57]
机译：对热点或生物多样性特别丰富的地理区域的识别越来越多地用于确定保护重点。我们调查了婆罗洲灵长类动物物种丰富度和地方性的空间格局，以评估灵长类动物是否是其他分类生物多样性热点的良好指标。基于该岛上存在的13种灵长类物种的位置记录（n = 1414，范围为26-273个记录/物种），我们准备了灵长类动物分布图。通过在地理信息系统中覆盖这些分布图，我们创建了地图，该地图揭示了物种最多的地区是印度尼西亚东加里曼丹省中东部的热带湿性常绿森林，其中共存在11种。迄今为止，没有其他研究将这一地区确定为生物多样性热点。通常，马来西亚的沙巴州和砂拉越州被认为是物种多样性最丰富的州。我们建议，其主要原因是与马来西亚婆罗洲相比，印尼婆罗洲进行的生物多样性研究数量少，并且重点是针对山区栖息地而不是低地的生物多样性研究。我们使用婆罗洲灵长类动物的两种替代分类学分类，一种基于生物学分类，另一种基于系统发生物种概念，以确定热点识别的结果是否取决于分类学分类。特有的灵长类物种热点的位置取决于物种概念的选择，而灵长类物种丰富度热点的识别不受物种概念选择的影响。我们的结果表明，基于相对较小的一组分类单元的热点识别可能随所调查物种的组及其分类学分类而变化。由于婆罗洲灵长类动物多样性的精细热点与文献中报道的其他热点之间缺乏一致性，婆罗洲灵长类动物似乎不适合识别一般物种丰富度的区域。然而，婆罗洲灵长类动物可能是该岛低地多样性的有用指标。 [参考：57]

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