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首页> 外文期刊>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology >Fulgurite morphology: a classification scheme and clues to formation
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Fulgurite morphology: a classification scheme and clues to formation

机译：角铁形态：分类方案和形成线索

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摘要

Fulgurites are natural glasses formed by cloud-to-ground lightning. Several different morphologies of fulgurites have been reported in previous studies, including sand fulgurites, rock fulgurites, and clay fulgurites. Herein, we examine sand, clay, and caliche fulgurites and demonstrate that these differ systematically in their morphology. We further use morphological features to constrain properties of fulgurite-forming lightning strikes. We classify fulgurites into four types of morphologies with an additional minor type. Type I fulgurites are sand fulgurites consisting of thin, glass walls; type II fulgurites are clay fulgurites, consisting of thick, melt rich walls; type EH fulgurites are caliche fulgurites, consisting of thick, glass poor walls; and type IV fulgurites are rock fulgurites, consisting of glasses with walls consisting of surrounding, unmelted rock. Fulgurite morphology shows that the energy of fulgurite-forming strikes is between 1 and 30 MJ/m of fulgurite formed, suggests heating rates in the order of 1,000 K/s, and lightning channel thicknesses of about 1 mm diameter.
机译：角铁石是由云对地闪电形成的天然玻璃。在先前的研究中已经报道了几种不同的微晶石形态，包括砂微晶石，岩石微晶石和粘土微晶石。在本文中，我们检查了沙子，粘土和钙硅藻土的辉石，并证明了它们的形态在系统上有所不同。我们进一步使用形态学特征来约束形成辉石的雷击的特性。我们将fulgurites分为四种形态，另外还有一个次要类型。 I型辉石是由薄的玻璃墙组成的沙子辉石。 II型ful石是粘土的石，由厚的，熔体丰富的壁组成; EH型ful石是钙化石，由厚的玻璃贫瘠壁组成。 IV型IV石是岩石石，由玻璃组成，墙壁由未融化的周围岩石组成。辉石形态表明，形成辉石的冲击能量在形成的辉石的能量之间为1至30 MJ / m，表明加热速率约为1,000 K / s，雷电通道的直径约为1毫米。

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