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首页> 外文期刊>Continental Shelf Research: A Companion Journal to Deep-Sea Research and Progress in Oceanography >Integrated measurements of acoustical and optical thin layers I: Vertical scales of association
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Integrated measurements of acoustical and optical thin layers I: Vertical scales of association

机译：声学和光学薄层的集成测量I：垂直关联尺度

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This study combined measurements from multiple platforms with acoustic instruments on moorings and on a ship and optics on a profiler and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to examine the relationships between fluorescent, bioluminescent, and acoustically scattering layers in Monterey Bay during nighttime hours in July and August of 2006 and May of 2008. We identified thin bioluminescent layers that were strongly correlated with acoustic scattering at the same depth but were part of vertically broad acoustic features, suggesting layers of unique composition inside larger biomass features. These compositional thin layers nested inside larger biomass features may be a common ecosystem component and are likely to have significant ecological impacts but are extremely difficult to identify as most approaches capable of the vertical scales of measurement necessary for the identification of sub-meter scale patterns assess bulk properties rather than specific layer composition. Measurements of multiple types of thin layers showed that the depth offset between thin phytoplankton and zooplankton layers was highly variable with some layers found at the same depth but others found up to 16m apart. The vertical offset between phytoplankton and zooplankton thin layers was strongly predicted by the fraction of the water column fluorescence contained within a thin phytoplankton layer. Thin zooplankton layers were only vertically associated with thin phytoplankton layers when the phytoplankton in a layer accounted for more than about 18–20% of the water column chlorophyll. Trophic interactions were likely occurring between phytoplankton and zooplankton thin layers but phytoplankton thin layers were exploited by zooplankton only when they represented a large fraction of the available phytoplankton, suggesting zooplankton have some knowledge of the available food over the entire water column. The horizontal extent of phytoplankton layers, discussed in the second paper in this series, is likely an important factor contributing to this selective exploitation by zooplankton. The pattern of vertical offset between phytoplankton and zooplankton layers was consistent between studies in different years and using different combinations of platforms, indicating the importance of the relationship between zooplankton layers and the fraction of phytoplankton within a layer at night within Monterey Bay. These results highlight the value of integrating measurements of various types of organisms to understand thin layers processes and the importance of assessing ecological interactions in plankton thin layers within the context of the properties of the entire water column, like the animals themselves do.
机译：这项研究结合了多个平台的测量结果，系泊设备和船舶上的声学仪器以及轮廓仪和自动水下航行器（AUV）上的光学器件，以检查7月夜间蒙特雷湾的荧光层，生物发光层和声散射层之间的关系。以及2006年8月和2008年5月。我们确定了薄的生物发光层，它们在相同深度与声散射密切相关，但属于垂直宽声特征的一部分，这表明较大生物量特征内的独特组成层。嵌套在较大生物量特征内的这些组成薄层可能是常见的生态系统组成部分，可能会产生重大的生态影响，但是由于大多数能够进行垂直测量规模的方法（用于确定亚米尺度模式的评估），因此很难确定整体性能，而不是特定的层组成。对多种类型薄层的测量结果表明，浮游植物薄层和浮游动物薄层之间的深度偏移是高度可变的，其中某些层位于相同深度，而另一些则相距16m。浮游植物和浮游动物薄层之间的垂直偏移是由浮游植物薄层中包含的水柱荧光的分数强烈预测的。当浮游植物薄层中的浮游植物占水柱叶绿素的18％至20％以上时，浮游动物薄层仅与浮游植物薄层垂直相关。浮游植物和浮游动物薄层之间可能发生营养相互作用，但只有当浮游植物薄层占可用浮游植物的很大一部分时，浮游动物才利用浮游植物薄层，这表明浮游动物对整个水柱中的可用食物有所了解。本系列第二篇文章中讨论的浮游植物层的水平范围可能是促成浮游动物选择性开发的重要因素。在不同年份和使用不同平台组合的研究之间，浮游植物和浮游动物层之间的垂直偏移模式是一致的，这表明了蒙特雷湾夜间浮游动物层与浮游植物比例之间的关系的重要性。这些结果突出了整合各种类型生物的测量值以了解薄层过程的价值，以及在整个水柱属性的背景下（如动物本身）评估浮游生物薄层中生态相互作用的重要性。

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