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Perennial to ephemeral transformation of a Lesser Himalayan watershed

机译：小喜马拉雅流域的多年生向短暂过渡

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Under a changing climate, the Sub-Himalayan ecosystems are likely to experience marked transformations in hydrological, biogeochemical and biophysical processes. To explore this, we have been observing various hydrometeorological parameters in a completely rain-fed sub-Himalayan watershed (Salla Rauetella Watershed) since 1991. We noted a changing trend for some of the hydrometeorological parameters over the 22-yr period. While the annual air temperature has increased significantly, the annual rainfall also shows an increasing trend with a higher probability of increased rainfall intensity. The run-off data show a peculiar trend that the watershed has been transforming itself from a perennial to an ephemeral system, despite an increasing trend of rainfall magnitudes. This is primarily attributed to the increasing trends of rainfall intensities exceeding the infiltration capacities of the soil which trigger large but high-intensity run-off events with dry spells in other periods, which makes the river ephemeral. We infer a likely dynamic change in the run-off-generation mechanism which warrants the need for a more precise and rigorous observation-cum-measurement strategy of ecohydrological processes in Himalayan ecosystems, supported with modelling and remote sensing approaches. This will help identify the optimal headwater treatment measures for augmenting groundwater to sustain the rainfed streams of the Himalaya under a changing climate.
机译：在不断变化的气候下，喜马拉雅山脉以下的生态系统可能会在水文，生物地球化学和生物物理过程中经历明显的转变。为了对此进行探索，自1991年以来，我们一直在完全由雨水喂养的喜马拉雅亚小流域（Salla Rauetella流域）中观察各种水文气象参数。我们注意到22年期间某些水文气象参数的变化趋势。虽然年气温显着增加，但年降雨量也呈上升趋势，降雨强度增加的可能性更高。径流数据显示出一个独特的趋势，尽管降雨量呈上升趋势，但该流域已从多年生系统转变为短暂系统。这主要归因于降雨强度的增加趋势，超过了土壤的渗透能力，这引发了其他时期大而高强度的径流事件以及其他时期的干旱，这使得该河短暂。我们推断径流生成机制可能发生动态变化，这需要在建模和遥感方法的支持下，需要更精确，更严格的喜马拉雅生态系统水文过程观测与测量策略。这将有助于确定最佳的源头水处理措施，以增加地下水以在气候变化的情况下维持喜马拉雅山的雨水灌溉。

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