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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Achillea collina 'Spak': optimal harvesting stage.
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Achillea collina 'Spak': optimal harvesting stage.

机译：Achillea collina'Spak'：最佳收获阶段。

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摘要

Achillea collina is cultivated in the European Alps for its chamazulene-containing essential oil. In Switzerland, 'Spak' is a homogenous and productive cultivar that was developed by Agroscope to match the local climatic conditions. Up to now, Swiss producers used to harvest at the BBCH stage 65 (>50% of plants blooming) and at 15-20 cm from the ground in order to exclude the colourless basal leaves and the ligneous stems. However, as a result of harvest procedure, the amount of non-ligneous stems in the dry matter tends to become too high, and plants with longer stems were shown to have lower essential oil and chamazulene contents. In 2009 and 2010, the influence of phenological stages on yield and quality was studied. The maximum dry weight was achieved at full-bloom stage. However, the leave/stem ratio of 35% in 2010 was too low due to a cutting height at 20 cm above ground. The highest essential oil content in the leaves and flowers was obtained at the 'early-bloom' stage. In contrast, the chamazulene content in the essential oil was not influenced by the harvest stages. In conclusion, harvesting the upper 60 cm horizon of the plants at 'early-bloom' to 'full-bloom' stages (20-50% of blooming plants) is recommended for A. collina. This represents the best compromise between dry matter yield and quality.
机译：在欧洲阿尔卑斯山种植了Achillea collina，因为它含有Chamazulene精油。在瑞士，“ Spak”是一种均质且高产的品种，由Agroscope研发，以适应当地的气候条件。迄今为止，瑞士生产者通常在BBCH阶段65（开花植物的50％以上）和离地面15-20 cm处收获，以排除无色的基叶和木质茎。然而，由于收获过程，干物质中非木质茎的数量趋于变得过高，并且茎较长的植物被证明具有较低的精油和甲磺烯含量。在2009年和2010年，研究了物候阶段对产量和品质的影响。在盛花期达到最大干重。但是，由于在离地面20厘米处的切割高度，2010年的35％的叶/茎比率太低了。在“早花”阶段，叶子和花朵中的精油含量最高。相比之下，香精油中的香豆酚含量不受收获阶段的影响。总之，建议对A. collina收获处于“早花”到“全花”阶段（开花植物的20％至50％）的植物的60厘米高的地平线。这代表了干物质产量与质量之间的最佳折衷。

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