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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >International market of fresh and processed guava: challenges and perspectives for the Mexican case.
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International market of fresh and processed guava: challenges and perspectives for the Mexican case.

机译：新鲜和加工的番石榴国际市场：墨西哥案例的挑战和前景。

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Guava is one of the most important fruit crops in Mexico. During the last decade average cultivated area has been about 22.8 thousands hectares with an annual production of 291 thousands tons. National mean of guava fruit yield is 13.7 t ha-1, however, it may fluctuate from 2 to 20 t ha-1, depending on the region and between levels of technology used. Approximately 85% of the total production volume is for fresh consumption, while the rest is used for processing at different scales. Most of the commercialization of fresh guava is for the national market and is mainly concentrated in five or six Mexican cities. Nevertheless, those cities represent a potential market of more than 40 millions people. Although guava is produced in more than 20 states of the country, planted area in the states of Michoacan, Aguascalientes and Zacatecas represent an 89% of the total cultivated area. The guava fruit type mainly produced in these regions is called 'Media China', which has a high preference by the consumer because of its nice flavor and pleasant aroma. Recently, guava crop has received more attention by the different stakeholders in the value chain, which allowed reaching important objectives such as the exportation of 15 thousands tons of fresh guava to the United States during the last four years. This was possible because of the campaigns against fruit fly, as well as the approved irradiation treatment. Another important achievement includes the registration and release of the first five Mexican guava cultivars. Even then, some challenges that guava producers in Mexico have to face in the near future are: development and use of more improved cultivars having comparative advantages (fruit size and form, lower seed number, pulp color, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, greater firmness, etc.); adoption of better agronomic practices (pruning, nutrition, irrigation, etc.); more environmentally and healthy control of pests; regulation of cropping to ensure more stable production through the whole year and increase fruit quality and uniformity, among others. Besides these technical factors, it is also needed: to enhance organization of guava producers; increase infrastructure (packing and cold storage facilities, etc.); to have more access to technical assistance and better profits for guavas. As long as some of these elements start to be incorporated to the guava production systems, it could be possible to have better perspectives for the future of the Mexican guava.
机译：番石榴是墨西哥最重要的水果作物之一。在过去十年中，平均耕种面积约为22.8千公顷，年产量为29.1万吨。番石榴的全国平均产量为13.7 t ha -1 ，但是，根据地区和技术水平的不同，番石榴产量可能会在2至20 t ha -1 之间波动。用过的。总产量的大约85％用于新鲜消费，其余用于不同规模的加工。新鲜番石榴的大部分商业化都面向全国市场，并且主要集中在五个或六个墨西哥城市。尽管如此，这些城市仍代表着超过4000万人的潜在市场。尽管番石榴在该国20多个州生产，但米却肯州，阿瓜斯卡连特斯州和萨卡特卡斯州的种植面积占总种植面积的89％。主要在这些地区生产的番石榴果实类型称为“ Media China”，由于其美味的香气和令人愉悦的香气而受到消费者的高度评价。最近，价值链中各个利益相关者都对番石榴作物给予了更多关注，从而实现了重要目标，例如在过去四年中向美国出口了1.5万吨新鲜番石榴。之所以可能这样做是因为针对果蝇的运动以及经过批准的放射治疗。另一个重要成就包括注册并发布了前五个墨西哥番石榴品种。即便如此，墨西哥番石榴生产商在不久的将来仍将面临一些挑战：开发和使用具有比较优势的改良品种（果实大小和形式，种子数较少，果肉颜色，抗坏血酸含量，总可溶性固形物，更大的硬度等）;采用更好的农艺方法（修剪，营养，灌溉等）;更加环境和健康地控制有害生物;监管作物，以确保全年稳定生产并提高果实品质和均匀度。除这些技术因素外，还需要：加强番石榴生产者的组织;增加基础设施（包装和冷藏设施等）;有更多的技术支持和番石榴更好的利润。只要这些元素中的一些元素开始被整合到番石榴生产系统中，就有可能对墨西哥番石榴的未来有更好的认识。

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