Developments in the world avocado industry, and their relevance to the South African and African industries.

Wolstenholme B. N.

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Developments in the world avocado industry, and their relevance to the South African and African industries.

机译：世界鳄梨产业的发展及其与南非和非洲产业的关系。

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World avocado production expanded from 2.7 mill. t in 2000 to 3.6 mill. t in 2009. This expansion was largely driven by increasing access to the USA as phytosanitary obstacles were overcome. USA imports of ca. 360,000 t in 2009 have overtaken the European Union (ca. 210,000 t). Increased exports from Mexico, the world's largest producer, have been accompanied by rapid growth of production and export from Chile and Peru, which have overtaken South Africa (40,000 t export, mainly to the EU) and other traditional suppliers. In Africa, Kenya is also a significant exporter to Europe (ca. 12,000 t), but there is scope for expansion if obstacles can be overcome. The main technological problems are relatively low average yield; alternate and irregular bearing; Phytophthora root rot; insufficient proven elite cultivars and rootstocks; uncertainty about best practice management in the variable main environments (humid subtropical, semi-arid winter rainfall coastal areas - respectively mesic/invigorating and stressfulon-invigorating); and postharvest issues. Trends towards higher density planting, containment pruning, bioregulator sprays and integrated management of root rot are well established in the technologically advanced "subtropical" (as opposed to "tropical") industry. Research advances in overcoming longstanding problems, and a trend towards internationalization of research, allow for guarded optimism about the future of arguably "the world's most nutritious fruit".

机译：世界鳄梨的产量从2.7磨扩大到了。吨在2000年至3.6磨。 2009年。这种增长主要是由于克服了植物检疫障碍而增加了进入美国的机会。美国进口约2009年，有36万吨超过了欧盟（约210,000吨）。来自世界最大生产国墨西哥的出口增加，同时智利和秘鲁的生产和出口也迅速增长，智利和秘鲁已超过南非（40,000吨出口，主要向欧盟出口）和其他传统供应商。在非洲，肯尼亚还是欧洲的重要出口国（约12,000吨），但如果可以克服障碍，则还有扩大的余地。主要的技术问题是平均产量相对较低;交替和不规则的轴承;疫霉根腐;成熟的优良品种和砧木不足;在可变的主要环境（潮湿的亚热带，半干旱的冬季降雨沿海地区，分别为中度/充满活力和压力/不充满活力）中最佳实践管理的不确定性;和收获后的问题。在技术先进的“亚热带”（相对于“热带”）产业中，已经确立了高密度种植，修剪，生物调节剂喷雾和根腐病综合治理的趋势。克服长期存在的问题的研究进展以及研究国际化的趋势使人们对可以说是“世界上最营养的水果”的未来持谨慎的乐观态度。

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《Acta Horticulturae》 |2013年第2期|共7页
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Wolstenholme B. N.;
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正文语种 eng
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avocados; crop yield; cultivars; exports; fruits; fungal diseases; plant diseases; plant pathogenic fungi; plant pathogens; Organism Descriptors; fungi; Persea americana; Phytophthora; Broad Terms; APEC countries; Developing Countries; Latin America; America; South America; Threshold Countries; Europe; ACP Countries; Anglophone Africa; Africa; Commonwealth of Nations; East Africa; Africa South of Sahara; North America; OECD Countrie; s; Persea; Lauraceae; Laurales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; eukaryotes; Andean Group; Peronosporaceae; Peronosporales; Oomycetes; Oomycota; Mastigomycotina; fungi; fungus; Southern Africa; Developed Countries;

机译：鳄梨;农作物产量;品种;出口;水果;真菌病;植物病害;植物病原真菌;植物病原体;生物描述符;真菌;美洲海藻;疫霉;广义术语;APEC国家;发展中国家;拉丁美洲;美国;南美;门槛国家;欧洲;ACP国家;非洲非洲人;非洲;非洲国家联合体;东非;非洲撒哈拉以南非洲;北美;经合组织国家;s;Persea;Lauraceae;Laurales;双子叶植物;血管植物;精子植物;植物;真核生物;安第斯集团;骨孢菌科;骨孢子虫;卵菌纲;卵菌纲;乳房假单胞菌;真菌;真菌;南非;发达国家;

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1. Developments in the world avocado industry, and their relevance to the South African and African industries. [J] . Wolstenholme B. N. Acta Horticulturae . 2013,第1007aPta2期

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Developments in the world avocado industry, and their relevance to the South African and African industries.

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