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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Detecting water stress and irrigation time in viticulture from stem's water content and electrical conductivity measurements.
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Detecting water stress and irrigation time in viticulture from stem's water content and electrical conductivity measurements.

机译：通过茎的水分含量和电导率测量来检测葡萄栽培中的水分胁迫和灌溉时间。

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About 75% of accessible fresh water resources is used for irrigation with about 40% water use efficiency. It is possible to save considerable amounts of water by an efficient irrigation scheduling. Otherwise, excess water use may lead to environmental and economical problems. Therefore, a more accurate, sensitive, simple (farmer-friendly) and automatable method for monitoring of crops' water stress and irrigation time is vital. Methods based on monitoring plant water status are preferred to those measuring soil water status or climatic conditions. Because of the limitations in monitoring plant water status (particularly in orchard trees) in roots and leaves, stem water content measurement (theta s) is suggested. The objective of this research was to detect water stress and irrigation time in vines from stem water content (theta s) and electrical conductivity measurements (EC s) using TDR (Time-Domain Reflectometer) method. With this aim, four vines were selected and planted in the research area. A 70 mm long probe made from three rods of 1.7-mm diameter stainless steel at 50-mm spacing was installed in each stem. Probes were connected to a multiplexer by 8.0 m coaxial cables and to TDR by 1.0 m coaxial cables. EC s, theta s and tree stem temperatures were measured every 30 minutes parallel to soil water content and climatic parameters. Irrigation was performed when 70% of the available water was consumed within 0-90 cm soil profile by replenishing to the field capacity. The relationship between soil water content and EC s and theta s were monitored between April-2011 and September-2011. Stem water content of vines increased significantly in early spring. Later, it fluctuated as a function of plant water stress or soil water status. While the soil water content varied between 18 and 28% between two irrigations, stem water contents changed between 14 and 18%. It gradually decreased towards the end of growing season and eventually gave a minimal response to soil water content variations. EC s and theta s produced the same trend. A statistically significant positive linear relationship was found between soil water content and EC s. This implies that EC s can be replaced with the stem as well as soil water content in detecting water stress and irrigation time. CT VII International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Geisenheim, Germany.
机译：大约75％的可利用淡水资源用于灌溉，用水效率约40％。通过有效的灌溉计划可以节省大量的水。否则，过度用水可能会导致环境和经济问题。因此，一种更准确，灵敏，简单（对农民友好）和自动化的方法来监测农作物的水分胁迫和灌溉时间至关重要。基于监测植物水分状况的方法比测量土壤水分状况或气候条件的方法更为可取。由于监测根和叶中植物水分状况（尤其是果园树中的水分状况）的局限性，建议测量茎中的水分含量（θ）。这项研究的目的是通过使用时域反射仪（TDR）方法从茎中的水分含量（theta s）和电导率测量值（EC s）来检测葡萄藤中的水分胁迫和灌溉时间。为此，在研究区选择并种植了四棵葡萄藤。由三根直径1.7mm的不锈钢棒以50mm的间距制成的70mm长的探头安装在每个杆中。探头通过8.0 m同轴电缆连接到多路复用器，并通过1.0 m同轴电缆连接到TDR。每30分钟测量一次EC，θ和树茎温度，并与土壤水分和气候参数平行。通过补充田间持水量，在0-90厘米土壤剖面内消耗了70％的可用水时进行灌溉。在2011年4月至2011年9月之间监测了土壤水分与EC s和theta的关系。早春葡萄藤的茎水含量显着增加。后来，它随植物水分胁迫或土壤水分状况而波动。在两次灌溉之间，土壤含水量在18％至28％之间变化，而茎干含水量在14％至18％之间变化。在生长季节快结束时，它逐渐减少，最终对土壤含水量变化的响应最小。 EC和theta产生了相同的趋势。土壤含水量与EC s之间存在统计学上显着的正线性关系。这意味着在检测水分胁迫和灌溉时间时，EC可以用茎以及土壤水分代替。 CT VII园艺作物灌溉国际研讨会，德国盖森海姆。

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