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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Molecular Mechanisms of Pecan Flower Induction
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Molecular Mechanisms of Pecan Flower Induction

机译：山核桃花诱导的分子机理

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Flower development initially requires reprogramming of the shoot meristem resulting in a transition from vegetative to floral tissues. Specific genetic switches within the plant that respond to environmental cues such as photoperiod, light quality, temperature, and hormones regulate this reprogramming. Several of these genetic switches were elucidated in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and have since been shown to be present in other plants including trees such as poplar (Populus sp.), apple (Malus x domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), and citrus (Citrus spp.). In Arabidopsis, an intricate signaling pathway is initiated when the CONSTANS (CO) protein responds to lengthening days, activating expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT gene). The FT protein then is transported via the phloem to shoot meristems where it activates expression of genes responsible for floral induction (API and LFY). In poplar and apple, the increase of FT protein expression correlates to an increase in flowering and appears to play a role in the transition of juvenile trees to mature flowering trees. We have recently isolated and sequenced the homologues of the FT and LFY genes from pecan (Carya illinoinensis). We are currently characterizing gene expression of these pecan homologs. Leaflet tissue samples from fruit-bearing and vegetative shoots of mature alternate bearing 'Wichita' pecan trees were collected monthly during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons and stored at -80°C. RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. These data will help elucidate the role these genes play in the development of flowers in pecan and may provide new tools for the management of flowering-related challenges in pecan nut production.
机译：花的发育最初需要对分生组织进行重新编程，从而导致从营养组织向花卉组织的过渡。植物中的特定遗传开关对环境提示（例如光周期，光照质量，温度和激素）作出响应，从而调节这种重新编程。这些遗传转换中的几种已在模型植物拟南芥中阐明，并已证明存在于其他植物中，包括树木，如杨树（Populus sp。），苹果（Malus x domestica），梨（Pyrus communis）和柑橘。 （柑橘属）。在拟南芥中，当CONSTANS（CO）蛋白响应延长的天数，激活FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT基因）的表达时，就会启动复杂的信号传导途径。然后，FT蛋白通过韧皮部转运至芽生组织，并在其中激活负责花诱导的基因（API和LFY）的表达。在杨树和苹果中，FT蛋白表达的增加与开花的增加相关，并且似乎在幼树向成熟的开花树的过渡中起作用。我们最近从山核桃（美洲山核桃）中分离出了FT和LFY基因的同系物并进行了测序。我们目前正在表征这些山核桃同源物的基因表达。在2011年和2012年的生长季节期间，每月从成熟的备用“ Wichita”山核桃树的果实和营养枝上收集小叶组织样本，并将其存储在-80°C下。从组织中分离RNA，并使用定量逆转录PCR进行分析。这些数据将有助于阐明这些基因在山核桃花发育中的作用，并可能为管理山核桃生产中与开花有关的挑战提供新的工具。

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