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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Ppesticide use in shallot-hot pepper intercropping cultivation system in Brebes, Central Java
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Ppesticide use in shallot-hot pepper intercropping cultivation system in Brebes, Central Java

机译：中爪哇省布雷布斯青椒套作栽培系统中的农药使用

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Data were collected from 13 farmers' detailed daily farm-records in Brebes Regency, Central Java, in November 2010-August 2011. Based on brand names of pesticides recorded by farmers, active ingredient (AI) and mode of action (MoA) group according toIRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) and FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) were identified. Results showed that the average number of spray applications during the presence of shallot in the intercropping system was 12 times season1with 599 L ha~(-1) of spray volume, while for hot pepper (after shallot was harvested) was 24 times/season with 632 L ha~(-1) of spray volume. The use of pesticide cocktails in a tank-mix was quite common for farmers. In shallot, farmers applied insecticides from MoA group-IB in 91% of all spray applications. Insecticides from group 13 were present in 60% of all spray applications, while fungicides from MoA group-M3 were used by all farmers in 96% of spray applications. In hot pepper, all farmers used fungicides from MoA group-6 and these were present in 54% of spray applications. Almost all farmers used fungicides from MoA group-4A, and these were present in 53% of spray applications. Many cocktails contained broad-spectrum insecticides (e.g.,MoA groups 1B-organophosphates and 3A-pyrethroids) to which two to three more specific insecticides were also added. Due to pesticide misuse, it is most likely that pest and disease resistance is present on a large scale in the region. Furthermore,excessive use of pesticides caused by frequent spraying, use of pesticide cocktails with similar spectrum of action, and high water volumes, has also resulted in high production costs. Improvements in farmers' crop protection strategies in shallot and hot pepper cultivation are urgently required.
机译：数据收集自2010年11月至2011年8月中爪哇省布雷布斯摄政区的13位农民的详细日常农场记录。基于农民记录的农药品牌名称，有效成分（AI）和作用方式（MoA）组，确定了toIRAC（抗药性行动委员会）和FRAC（抗药性行动委员会）。结果表明，在间作系统中，在有小葱存在的情况下，平均喷洒次数为1季的12倍，喷雾量为599 L ha〜（-1），而辣椒（收获小葱后）为24倍/季。喷雾量632 L ha〜（-1）对于农民来说，在桶混物中使用农药混合物是很普遍的。在青葱中，农民使用了MoA IB组的杀虫剂，占所有喷雾剂应用的91％。来自第13组的杀虫剂占所有喷雾应用的60％，而来自农业部M3组的杀真菌剂占所有喷雾应用的96％。在辣椒中，所有农民都使用了MoA第6组的杀菌剂，这些农药占54％的喷雾施用量。几乎所有农民都使用了MoA 4A组的杀菌剂，这些农药占喷洒应用的53％。许多鸡尾酒中含有广谱杀虫剂（例如MoA组1B-有机磷酸盐和3A-拟除虫菊酯），另外还添加了2至3种特定的杀虫剂。由于滥用农药，该区域很可能大量存在抗病虫害能力。此外，由于频繁喷洒而导致的农药过量使用，作用谱相似的农药混合物的使用以及高水量也导致了高生产成本。迫切需要改善青葱和辣椒种植中农民的农作物保护策略。

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