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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Managing Nut Genetic Resources under Disease Threat
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Managing Nut Genetic Resources under Disease Threat

机译：在疾病威胁下管理坚果遗传资源

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The USDA ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) Corvallis, Oregon, is assigned to preserve genetic resources of hazelnuts (Corylus L.) and butternuts {Juglans cinerea L.). Both crops are threatened by fungal diseases. Hazelnuts are challenged by eastern filbert blight (EFB) (caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Miiller). Butternuts are challenged by butternut canker caused by (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka & Kuntz) and thousand cankers disease caused by {Geosmithia morbida). EFB is native in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and spread to the Pacific Northwestern US, initially arriving in southern Washington State in the 1960s. By 2006, the disease had spread throughout Oregon's hazelnut production area, and by 2010, the disease was established within about 2.5 km of the NCGR genebank. The disease has not yet been observed in the NCGR field collection. Fungicide applications are made annually during the spring infection period. A backup planting of hazelnut core accessions was established in Parlier, California, far away from commercial production and EFB. About 10% of the hazelnut collection is preserved as in vitro cultures stored at 4°C and dormant bud cryogenic storage is under research. The NCGR-Corvallis has shipped >2000 hazelnut samples during the past 18 years. Because the range of EFB is limited to North America, its presence in Oregon does not impact distribution within the United States. Import requirements vary from one country to another. The European Union has banned importation of Corylus from North America, even in vitro cultures of resistant cultivars. Oregon State University and NCGR developed microsatellite markers and used them to fingerprint cultivars and assess genetic diversity in the collection. The NCGR genebank continues to preserve world diversity of hazelnut genotypes and species. The butternut collection at the NCGR-Corvallis is outside of the range for butternut canker, which is found east of the Rocky Mountains. Thousand cankers disease is in Oregon but it has not been observed in the NCGR butternut collection. Secondary butternut collections are at the US Forest Service in West Lafayette, Indiana, or St. Paul, Minnesota.
机译：USDA ARS，俄勒冈州科瓦利斯国家克隆种质资源库（NCGR），被分配来保存榛子（Corylus L.）和胡桃（Juglans cinerea L.）的遗传资源。两种作物都受到真菌病的威胁。榛子受到东部欧洲榛树疫病（EFB）（由Anisogramma anomala（Peck）E. Miiller造成）的挑战。胡桃引起的挑战是由（Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair，Kostichka＆Kuntz）引起的胡桃枯萎病和{Geosmithia morbida）引起的千种枯萎病。 EFB起源于落基山脉以东的北美，并传播到美国西北太平洋地区，最初于1960年代到达华盛顿州南部。到2006年，该病已蔓延至俄勒冈州的榛子产区，到2010年，该病已在NCGR基因库的约2.5公里内建立。该疾病尚未在NCGR田野收藏中观察到。在春季感染期每年进行杀菌剂的施用。在加利福尼亚州的帕里尔（Parlier）建立了榛子核心种质的备用种植，远离商业生产和EFB。榛子收集物中约有10％保留下来，因为它是在4°C下保存的体外培养物，休眠芽的低温保存正在研究中。在过去的18年中，NCGR-Corvallis已装运了超过2000种榛子样品。由于EFB的范围仅限于北美，因此它在俄勒冈州的存在不会影响美国境内的分销。进口要求因国家而异。欧盟已禁止从北美进口海yl，即使是抗病品种的体外培养也是如此。俄勒冈州立大学和NCGR开发了微卫星标记，并用它们对栽培品种进行指纹识别并评估了收集物中的遗传多样性。 NCGR种质库继续保持世界榛子基因型和物种的多样性。 NCGR-Corvallis的胡桃木系列不在落基山脉以东的胡桃木溃疡病范围之内。俄勒冈州有成千上万的溃疡病，但在NCGR胡桃木收集中尚未发现。在美国印第安纳州西拉斐特市或明尼苏达州圣保罗市的森林服务处收集了胡桃木。

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