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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Glycocalyx perturbation: cause or consequence of damage to the vasculature?
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Glycocalyx perturbation: cause or consequence of damage to the vasculature?

机译：糖萼微扰：损害血管的原因或后果？

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摘要

early electron microscopic observations identified an extracellular coating of anionic polysaccharides on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells. This coating was named glycocalyx by Bennet (2) in 1962 and was hypothesized to contribute to the transport properties of the capillary wall. Experimental data to support a physiological role for the endothelial glycocalyx remained lacking until 1979 when Klitzman and Duling (12) reported on low and variable capillary tube hematocrits in hamster striated muscle tissue and its modulation by pharmacological and metabolic stimuli. To account for a fourfold increase in individual capillary red blood cell content during functional hyperemia, Klitzman and Duling proposed that the endothelial glycocalyx represents a slow-moving plasma layer 1.2 |xm thick on the luminal surface of capillaries in control conditions. Regulation of the exclusion of blood from this relatively thick endothelial region could then contribute not only to control of capillary red blood cell filling and tissue oxygen supply but also to the controlled modulation of transcapillary solute exchange and tissue hydration. The concept of a relatively thick, permselective endothelial glycocalyx was supported experimentally by Vink and Duling, who directly visualized the exclusion of red blood cells from the capillary endothelial glycocalyx (24) and reported on its limited permeation by various dextrans in a molecular size and charpe-denendent manner (25)
机译：早期的电子显微镜观察发现，血管内皮细胞腔表面有阴离子多糖的胞外涂层。该涂层在1962年被Bennet（2）命名为糖萼，并被认为有助于毛细管壁的传输特性。直到1979年Klitzman和Duling（12）报道仓鼠横纹肌组织中的毛细管血细胞比容低而可变，并且受到药理和代谢刺激调节后，仍然缺乏支持内皮糖萼生理作用的实验数据。为了说明功能性充血期间单个毛细血管红细胞含量增加四倍，Klitzman和Duling提出，内皮糖萼在对照条件下代表毛细血管腔表面上厚度为1.2μm的缓慢移动的血浆层。从该相对较厚的内皮区域排除血液的调节不仅可以有助于控制毛细血管红细胞的充盈和组织氧的供应，而且还可以帮助调节跨毛细管溶质交换和组织的水合作用。 Vink和Duling在实验上支持了相对较厚的，选择性渗透性内皮糖萼的概念，他们直接观察了毛细血管内皮糖萼中的红细胞排斥（24），并报道了各种分子大小和特征的右旋糖酐对其渗透的限制。谦逊的态度（25）

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