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Ultra-sensitive analysis of a cantilevered single-walled carbon nanocone-based mass detector

机译：悬臂式单壁碳纳米锥质量检测器的超灵敏分析

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The ultra-sensitivity of mass detectors using individual cantilevered single-walled carbon nanocone (SWCNC) resonators is first investigated. A higher-order gradient theory, derived at the atomic level, is applied for modeling SWCNC resonators. Numerical simulations using a mesh-free computational framework based on moving Kriging interpolation are conducted to investigate the mass sensitivity of cantilevered SWCNC resonators with extra mass loading as well as with equivalent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) resonators. Comparison of the magnitude of resonant frequency shifts, the key criterion for mass sensitivity, of these two kinds of resonators demonstrates a far higher mass sensitivity for SWCNC resonators than for SWCNT resonators, thus suggesting a new method for ultra-sensitive mass detection via SWCNC resonators. The dependence of the mass sensitivity of SWCNC resonators on height and top radii has been examined. A reduction in the height of SWCNC resonators gives rise to a considerable increase in mass sensitivity. The mass sensitivity of a 6 nm high SWCNC resonator can even reach a level of 10~(-22) g. It is noteworthy that the top radii of SWCNC resonators have a slight effect on frequency shifts. Another interesting observed phenomenon is that a deviation in the height of 19.2° SWCNC resonators leads to little loss in precision of mass detection when the attached mass is smaller than 10~(-20) g. This superior characteristic indicates that SWCNC-based mass detectors have great potential in practical applications.
机译：首先研究了使用单个悬臂单壁碳纳米锥（SWCNC）谐振器的质量检测器的超灵敏性。在原子水平上推导的高阶梯度理论被应用于SWCNC谐振器的建模。进行了基于移动Kriging插值的无网格计算框架的数值模拟，以研究具有额外质量负载的悬臂式SWCNC谐振器以及等效的单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）谐振器的质量灵敏度。比较这两种谐振器的谐振频率漂移的幅度（质量敏感度的关键标准），表明SWCNC谐振器的质量敏感度远高于SWCNT谐振器，因此提出了一种通过SWCNC谐振器进行超灵敏质量检测的新方法。已经检查了SWCNC谐振器的质量灵敏度对高度和顶部半径的依赖性。 SWCNC谐振器的高度减小导致质量灵敏度大大提高。 6 nm高SWCNC谐振器的质量灵敏度甚至可以达到10〜（-22）g的水平。值得注意的是，SWCNC谐振器的顶部半径对频移影响很小。观察到的另一个有趣现象是，当附着质量小于10〜（-20）g时，SWCNC谐振器的高度为19.2°时，质量检测精度的损失很小。这种优越的特性表明，基于SWCNC的质量检测器在实际应用中具有巨大的潜力。

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