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Detection of nitroaromatics in the solid, solution, and vapor phases using silicon quantum dot sensors

机译：使用硅量子点传感器检测固相，溶液和气相中的硝基芳烃

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Silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) represent a well-known QD fluorophore that can emit throughout the visible spectrum depending on the interface structure and surface functional group. Detection of nitroaromatic compounds by monitoring the luminescence response of the sensor material (typically fluorescent polymers) currently forms the basis of new explosives sensing technologies. Freestanding silicon QDs may represent a benign alternative with a high degree of chemical and physical versatility. Here, we investigate dodecyl and amine-terminated Si-QD luminescence response to the presence of nitrobenzene and dinitrotoluene (DNT) in various solid, solution, and vapor forms. For dinitrotoluene vapor the 3 sigma detection limit was 6 ppb for monomer-terminated QDs. For nitroaromatics dissolved in toluene the detection limit was on the order of 400 nM, corresponding to similar to 100 pg of material distributed over similar to 1 cm(2) on the sensor surface. Solid traces of nitroaromatics were also easily detectable via a simple 'touch test'. The samples showed minimal interference effects from common contaminants such as water, ethanol, and acetonitrile. The sensor can be as simple and inexpensive as a small circle of filter paper dipped into a QD solution, with a single vial of QDs able to make hundreds of these sensors. Additionally, a trial fiber-optic sensor device was tested by applying the QDs to one end of a 2 x 2 fiber coupler and exposing them to controlled DNT vapor. Finally, the quenching mechanism was explored via luminescence dynamics measurements and is different for blue (amine) and red (dodecyl) fluorescent silicon QDs.
机译：硅量子点（Si-QD）代表一种众所周知的QD荧光团，它可以根据界面结构和表面官能团在整个可见光谱范围内发射光。通过监测传感器材料（通常是荧光聚合物）的发光响应来检测硝基芳族化合物目前构成了新型爆炸物传感技术的基础。独立式硅QD可能代表具有高度化学和物理多功能性的良性替代品。在这里，我们研究了十二烷基和胺封端的Si-QD发光对各种固体，溶液和蒸气形式的硝基苯和二硝基甲苯（DNT）的存在的影响。对于二硝基甲苯蒸气，单体终止的量子点的3 sigma检测极限为6 ppb。对于溶解在甲苯中的硝基芳族化合物，检测极限约为400 nM，相当于类似于100 pg物质分布在传感器表面上接近1 cm（2）的位置。还可以通过简单的“接触测试”轻松检测出硝基芳香烃的痕迹。样品显示出对常见污染物（例如水，乙醇和乙腈）的干扰作用最小。该传感器既简单又便宜，就像将一小圈滤纸浸入QD解决方案中一样，一个小瓶的QD就能制成数百个这样的传感器。另外，通过将QD应用于2 x 2光纤耦合器的一端并将其暴露于受控的DNT蒸气中，对试制的光纤传感器设备进行了测试。最后，通过发光动力学测量探索了淬灭机理，并且对于蓝色（胺）和红色（十二烷基）荧光硅量子点而言，淬灭机理是不同的。

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