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首页> 外文期刊>Neuroscience: An International Journal under the Editorial Direction of IBRO >AUDITORY CRITICAL PERIODS: A REVIEW FROM SYSTEM'S PERSPECTIVE
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AUDITORY CRITICAL PERIODS: A REVIEW FROM SYSTEM'S PERSPECTIVE

机译：音频关键时期：系统视角的回顾

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摘要

The article reviews evidence for sensitive periods in the sensory systems and considers their neuronal mechanisms from the viewpoint of the system's neuroscience. It reviews the essential cortical developmental steps and shows its dependence on experience. It differentiates feature representation and object representation and their neuronal mechanisms. The most important developmental effect of experience is considered to be the transformation of a naive cortical neuronal network into a network capable of categorization, by that establishing auditory objects. The control mechanisms of juvenile and adult plasticity are further discussed. Total absence of hearing experience prevents the patterning of the naive auditory system with subsequent extensive consequences on the auditory function. Additional to developmental changes in synaptic plasticity, other brain functions like corticocortical interareal couplings are also influenced by deprivation. Experiments with deaf auditory systems reveal several integrative effects of deafness and their reversibility with experience. Additional to developmental molecular effects on synaptic plasticity, a combination of several integrative effects of deprivation on brain functions, including feature representation (affecting the starting point for learning), categorization function, top-down interactions and cross-modal reorganization close the sensitive periods and may contribute to their critical nature. Further, non-auditory effects of auditory deprivation are discussed. To reopen critical periods, removal of molecular breaks in synaptic plasticity and focused training therapy on the integrative effects are required.
机译：本文回顾了感觉系统敏感期的证据，并从系统神经科学的角度考虑了它们的神经元机制。它审查了基本的皮质发育步骤，并显示了其对经验的依赖性。它区分特征表示和对象表示及其神经元机制。经验最重要的发展影响被认为是通过建立听觉对象，将幼稚的皮层神经元网络转换为能够分类的网络。进一步讨论了青少年和成人可塑性的控制机制。完全没有听力经验会阻止幼稚的听觉系统的模式，进而对听觉功能造成严重后果。除突触可塑性的发展变化外，其他大脑功能（如皮层皮质区域间耦合）也受到剥夺的影响。耳聋听觉系统的实验揭示了耳聋的几种综合作用及其经验的可逆性。除发育分子对突触可塑性的影响外，剥夺对脑功能的多种综合作用的组合，包括特征表示（影响学习的起点），分类功能，自上而下的交互作用和交叉模式重组，还关闭了敏感期和可能有助于他们的批判性。此外，讨论了听觉剥夺的非听觉影响。要重新开放关键时期，需要消除突触可塑性中的分子断裂，并需要针对整合作用进行集中训练。

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